| 控释肥和添加剂对双季稻温室气体排放影响和减排评价 |
| |
| 引用本文： | 王斌,李玉娥,万运帆,秦晓波,高清竹.控释肥和添加剂对双季稻温室气体排放影响和减排评价[J].中国农业科学,2014,47(2):314-323. |
| |
| 作者姓名： | 王斌 李玉娥 万运帆 秦晓波 高清竹 |
| |
| 作者单位： | 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所/农业部农业环境重点实验室，北京100081 |
| |
| 基金项目： | 公益性行业（农业）科研专项经费资助（201103039）、国家“973”计划项目（2010CB951302, 2012CB417106） |
| |
| 摘 要： | 【目的】稻田生态系统的温室气体排放一直是气候变化领域的研究热点，对发展低碳农业和缓解全球变暖具有重要意义。研究控释肥和添加剂对双季稻（Oryza sative L）温室气体排放和产量的影响，旨在综合评价其减排效果，筛选既能保证产量又能有效减排的施肥措施。【方法】以华中江汉平原地区双季稻为研究对象，设置6种不同控释肥或添加剂处理，包括①习惯施肥作为对照，②硫包膜控释尿素，③树脂包膜控释尿素，④缓释碧晶尿素，⑤尿素中加入质量分数1%的硝化抑制剂二甲基吡唑磷酸盐（DMPP），⑥施肥时泼洒与尿素等量的1：200倍稀释有效微生物菌剂培养液（EM菌剂），采用自动静态箱-气相色谱法对温室气体排放通量进行长期连续监测，同步观测土壤无机氮素和产量，得出不同施肥处理的温室气体（CH4和N2O）排放特征，由内插加权法求得排放总量，最终计算出综合温室效应和排放强度。【结果】不同施肥处理下CH4和N2O排放通量具有较为明显的季节变化规律。早稻CH4排放总量以树脂包膜控释尿素最低，晚稻以碧晶尿素最低；而早稻和晚稻N2O排放总量均以硝化抑制剂DMPP最低。综合两个季节，各施肥处理的综合温室效应（以CO2当量100年算）差异显著（P＜0.05），其中常规施肥＞硫包膜控释尿素＞硝化抑制剂DMPP＞EM菌剂＞碧晶尿素＞树脂包膜控释尿素；控释肥和添加剂处理对比常规均有不同程度的减排效果，其中树脂包膜控释尿素减排效果最高为56.2%，碧晶尿素次之为45.6%，且晚稻减排效果明显高于早稻。早稻控释肥和添加剂处理产量与常规施肥差异不显著，晚稻则存在显著增产，增产幅度为13.5%—16.2%。各处理的温室气体排放强度GHGI以树脂包膜控释尿素最低，与常规施肥差异极显著（P＜0.01）。【结论】双季稻不同施肥处理CH4和N2O的排放总量差异显著，控释肥和添加剂处理均能达到不同程度的减排。控释肥和添加剂处理对早稻增产效果差异不显著，对晚稻增产效果差异显著，减排效果也高于早稻。综合考虑经济效益和减排效果，可得出在当前的稻田管理条件下施用包膜控释肥、抑制剂和生物菌剂，能保证产量并有效降低温室气体排放，是水稻低碳高产可行的施肥措施。
|
| 关 键 词： | 双季稻 温室气体 排放强度 控释肥 抑制剂 EM菌 |
| 收稿时间： | 2013-06-05 |
Effect and Assessment of Controlled Release Fertilizer and Additive Treatments on Greenhouse Gases Emission from a Double Rice Field |
| |
| WANG Bin,LI Yu-E,WAN Yun-Fan,QIN Xiao-Bo,GAO Qing-Zhu.Effect and Assessment of Controlled Release Fertilizer and Additive Treatments on Greenhouse Gases Emission from a Double Rice Field[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2014,47(2):314-323. |
| |
| Authors: | WANG Bin LI Yu-E WAN Yun-Fan QIN Xiao-Bo GAO Qing-Zhu |
| |
| Affiliation: | Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/The Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081 |
| |
| Abstract: | 【Objective】It is well known that the issue of greenhouse gases (GHGs) emission from rice ecosystem has been concerned within the scope of climate change research over years. The effect of controlled release fertilizer and additive treatments on GHGs emission and rice yield in a double rice (Oryza sative L) field was investigated to evaluate their potential of GHGs reduction and yield promotion, this study is also very important for the development of low-carbon agriculture and the mitigation research of global warming.【Method】Taking the double rice in Jianghan Plain, Hubei province, Central China as the object, a continuous observation of greenhouse gas emission from six different controlled release fertilizer or additive treatments (CK: conventional urea, CRU1: sulfur-coated urea, CRU2: polymer-coated urea, CU: nitrapyrin crystal urea, DMPP: nitrification inhibitor, EM: effective microorganisms) was conducted by using the automatic static chamber-GC (gas chromatography) method, the rice yield and soil properties were also monitored simultaneously. Variation and characterization of GHGs (CH4 and N2O) emission, greenhouse effect (CO2-e) and greenhouse gas intensity of each treatment were analyzed comprehensively.【Result】The results indicated that CH4 and N2O emission in different fertilizer treatments had an obvious daily and seasonal variation law in double rice ecosystem. Controlled release urea (polymer-coated) caused the lowest CH4 emission during the early rice, while the nitrapyrin crystal urea had the lowest CH4 emission during the late rice growing season. In consideration of N2O, the DMPP had the lowest emission during the two rice growing season compared to the other field applications. Pronounced differences were discovered among 6 treatments on global greenhouse effect (CO2-e，on 100 a horizon) during the whole rice growing season (P<0.05). Among the field applications, CRU1 had the lowest global greenhouse effect, followed by CU, EM, DMPP, CRU2, and CK, respectively. Furthermore, significant greenhouse effect reduction potential was also employed; the polymer-coated urea dominated the fashion with the highest reduction potential of 56.2% compared to traditional fertilization, followed by nitrapyrin crystal urea (45.6%). In the view of rice yield, five other treatments were significantly higher than CK during late rice (stimulated rice yield by 13.5%-16.2%) while no statistical differences were found during early rice. Additionally, GHGI of polymer-coated urea was statistically lower than the other applications including the conventional fertilization (P＜0.01). 【Conclusion】Various reduction potential and yield promotion effects existed among different field applications from the double rice cropping system, this influence was significant during the late rice growing season but not remarkable in the early rice，while synthetically consideration of their economic earnings and environmental effects, the application of controlled release urea benefitted the most to the rice production, followed by nitrification inhibitor and biopreparate under the current field management conditions. |
| |
| Keywords: | double rice greenhouse gas intensity controlled release urea nitrification inhibitor effective microorganisms |
| 本文献已被 CNKI 等数据库收录！ |
| 点击此处可从《中国农业科学》浏览原始摘要信息 |
|
点击此处可从《中国农业科学》下载全文 |
|
