| 不同添加剂处理对水稻秸秆腐解效果的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 翟修彩,刘明,李忠佩,徐阳春.不同添加剂处理对水稻秸秆腐解效果的影响[J].中国农业科学,2012,45(12):2412-2419. |
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| 作者姓名： | 翟修彩 刘明 李忠佩 徐阳春 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院，南京210095;
2.中国科学院南京土壤研究所土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室，南京210008;
3.中国科学院研究生院，北京100049 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家科技支撑计划项目，国家自然科学基金 |
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| 摘 要： | 【目的】研究不同化学添加剂处理下水稻秸秆腐解产物的理化特性、养分含量、腐殖酸性质变化以及腐解产物浸提液对种子发芽指数的影响，为秸秆高效、高质腐熟以及有机废弃物合理利用提供理论依据和技术参考。【方法】以水稻秸秆作为供试有机物料，EM菌作为供试腐解菌剂，FeSO4、Na2SO4、石灰和碱渣作为添加剂，布置室内培育试验，观测不同添加剂处理下水稻秸秆腐解产物的pH，有机质，氮、磷、钾养分，腐殖酸性质的变化，分析各处理腐解产物浸提液对萝卜种子发芽的影响。【结果】培养54 d后，各添加剂处理的pH为8.17—8.65，呈微碱性，并且其物理特性也达到腐熟标准；10%碱渣、3%FeSO4、10%碱渣配合3%FeSO4处理下秸秆腐解产物的有机质残留和养分含量水平较高；3%FeSO4和10%碱渣配合3%FeSO4处理下，秸秆腐解产物的腐殖酸含量分别为76.1、78.0 g?kg-1，明显高于其它处理。化学添加剂处理也显著提高了腐殖酸品质，10%碱渣和10%石灰处理下，秸秆腐解产物中的胡敏酸（HA）含量为47.7和50.3 g?kg-1，胡敏酸与富里酸比（HA/FA）>2；添加10%碱渣、3%FeSO4以及10%碱渣配合3% FeSO4处理下，萝卜种子发芽指数（germination index，GI）均达到80%以上，表明上述处理不仅能促进秸秆的高效腐熟，还能有效消除秸秆腐解产物的毒害作用。【结论】有机物料腐解过程中添加碱渣和FeSO4能明显促进秸秆腐熟，提高腐解产物的品质。
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| 关 键 词： | 添加剂 水稻秸秆 腐殖质 发芽指数 |
| 收稿时间： | 2011-11-07 |
Effect of Different Additives on Decomposition of Rice Straw |
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| ZHAI Xiu-cai
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LIU Ming
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LI Zhong-pei
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XU Yang-chun.Effect of Different Additives on Decomposition of Rice Straw[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2012,45(12):2412-2419. |
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| Authors: | ZHAI Xiu-cai LIU Ming LI Zhong-pei XU Yang-chun |
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| Affiliation: | 1(1College of Resources and Environmental Sciences,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095;2State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture,Institute of Soil Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 210008;3Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049) |
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| Abstract: | 【Objective】The objective of the experiment is to study the effect of different chemical additives on the changes of physical and chemical properties, nutrient, humic substances and germination index (GI) of decomposition of rice straw and help reasonable use of organic resources theoretically and technically. 【Method】In the present study, rice straw was used as organic material, EM microorganism agents and chemical additives, such as FeSO4, Na2SO4, lime and alkali slag, were mixed and cultured in the incubator. Changes of pH, organic matter, NPK nutrient and humic acid of decomposition of rice straw were analyzed. The effect of extracts of decomposition on GI of turnip seeds was also determined.【Result】After 54 days, the results showed that the pH values of the decomposition in each treatment were 8.17 to 8.65, slightly alkaline. Changes of physical properties of decomposition also indicated that straw decomposed thoroughly. The soil organic carbon and nutrient contents in treatments with 10% alkali slag, 3% FeSO4 and 10% alkali slag combined with 3%FeSO4 were higher than that in other treatments. Humic substances contents in treatments with 3% FeSO4 and 10% alkali slag combined with 3% FeSO4 were 76.1 and 78.0 g?kg-1, respectively, which were significantly higher than those in other treatments. Chemical additives also improved the quality of humic substances. In treatments with 10% alkali slag and 10% lime, the humic acid contents were 47.7 and 50.3 g?kg-1, respectively, and the HA/FA ratios were more than 2. In treatments with 10% alkali slag, 3% FeSO4, and 10% alkali slag combined with 3% FeSO4, GI was higher than 80% indicating that these treatments could not only promote the decomposition of rice straw, but also eliminate the toxicity of the decomposition.【Conclusion】 Above results indicated that alkali slag and FeSO4 could significantly promote straw decomposition efficiently and improve the quality of decomposition. |
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| Keywords: | additives rice straw humic substance germination index |
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