| 作物根系表型鉴定评价方法的现状与展望 |
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| 引用本文： | 李龙,李超男,毛新国,王景一,景蕊莲.作物根系表型鉴定评价方法的现状与展望[J].中国农业科学,2022,55(3):425-437. |
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| 作者姓名： | 李龙 李超男 毛新国 王景一 景蕊莲 |
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| 作者单位： | 中国农业科学院作物科学研究所/农作物基因资源与基因改良国家重大科学工程,北京 100081 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家重点研发计划项目（2017YFD0300202）；;中国农业科学院科技创新工程重大科研任务（CAAS-ZDRW202002）； |
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| 摘 要： | 根系是作物固定植株并吸收土壤水分和养分的主要器官,其表型特征直接影响作物的生产力和适应性。优化根系表型被认为是实现第二次“绿色革命”的重要途径之一。然而,根系的隐匿性、复杂性和可塑性极大地制约着根系表型鉴定效率,导致根系优化进程远远滞后于地上部器官。随着光谱成像、机器学习和三维重建等新技术的快速发展,根系表型鉴定方法逐渐由传统取样观测向原位、无损、自动化检测转变,评价依据由二维形态指标向立体构型参数拓展,促进了根系表型鉴定效率大幅提升,根系表型数据快速增长。与此同时,海量数据也带来了信息冗余及利用率低等问题,对根系表型研究提出了规范化和共享化的时代新要求。本文概述了现行主要根系表型鉴定方法的原理和技术要点,从精准度、通量和成本等方面对不同方法进行系统比较,并从使用许可、运行平台和分析方式等方面对常用根系表型量化软件进行归纳总结;进一步提出今后重点研究方向,即开发高效的田间根系表型鉴定方法,建立根系可塑性鉴定评价技术体系,加强根系解剖结构的鉴定和利用,强化分子检测技术在根系表型鉴定中的应用,推进根系表型鉴定技术规范化和数据信息共享化,以期为合理选用和改进作物根系表型鉴定评价方法提供参考,促进作物根系改良。
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| 关 键 词： | 作物 根系表型 室内鉴定 田间鉴定 评价方法 |
| 收稿时间： | 2021-07-21 |
Advances and Perspectives of Approaches to Phenotyping Crop Root System |
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| LI Long,LI ChaoNan,MAO XinGuo,WANG JingYi,JING RuiLian.Advances and Perspectives of Approaches to Phenotyping Crop Root System[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2022,55(3):425-437. |
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| Authors: | LI Long LI ChaoNan MAO XinGuo WANG JingYi JING RuiLian |
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| Affiliation: | Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Beijing 100081 |
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| Abstract: | Roots are the vital organs for fixing the plant shoots and absorbing soil water and nutrients. The phenotypic characteristics of roots directly affect crop productivity and adaptability. Optimizing root phenotypes is considered to be one of the important ways to achieve the second “Green Revolution”. However, the invisibility, complexity and plasticity of root system greatly restrict the efficiency of root phenotyping, which makes the root optimization process lag far behind that of aboveground organs. With the rapid development of new technologies, i.e. spectral imaging, machine learning and three-dimensional reconstruction, the approaches to phenotyping roots gradually changed from traditional sampling observation to in-situ, nondestructive and automatic detection, and the evaluation basis expanded from two-dimensional morphological indices to three-dimensional parameters, which promoted the efficiency of root phenotyping and dramatically enriched the data of root phenotype. Meanwhile, the massive data exhibited problems, such as data redundancy and low use efficiency of information resources, which put forward new requirements, i.e. standardization and shareability, for root phenotype studies. This paper summarized the principles and technical keys of main approaches to phenotyping roots, and compared systematically in terms of precision, cost and throughput. The commonly used software for quantification of root phenotype were listed out from the aspects of license, operating platform, analysis mode and so on. The important research direction in the future was put forward, that is, to develop effective approaches to phenotyping roots in the field, to establish the evaluation system for root plasticity, to strengthen the identification and utilization of root anatomical characters, to strengthen the application of molecular detection techniques in root phenotyping, and to promote standardization of root phenotyping techniques and data sharing. The aim is to provide reference for the reasonable selection and improvement of approaches to phenotyping crop root system, so as to promote crop root improvement. |
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| Keywords: | crop root phenotype phenotyping in the laboratory phenotyping in the field evaluation method |
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