| 氮高效利用基因型水稻根系形态和活力特征 |
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| 引用本文： | 戢林,李廷轩,张锡洲,余海英.氮高效利用基因型水稻根系形态和活力特征[J].中国农业科学,2012,45(23):4770-4781. |
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| 作者姓名： | 戢林 李廷轩 张锡洲 余海英 |
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| 作者单位： | 四川农业大学资源环境学院,成都,611130 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金(40901138);国家科技支撑计划子课题(2008BAD98B03);四川省科技厅应用基础项目(2010JY0083) |
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| 摘 要： | 目的]研究水稻(Oryza sativa)氮高效利用基因型根系形态和活力变化,为根系的栽培调控和育种改良提供理论依据和技术参考.方法]选择前期筛选出的水稻氮利用效率高低不一的基因型为试验材料,在比较氮利用效率基因型差异的基础上,采用水培试验,利用根系分析系统提取苗期至抽穗期不定根、粗分枝根和细分枝根的长度、表面积和体积等形态指标数据,探讨各类根形态与氮吸收的关系,同时分析氮高效利用基因型中典型材料不同供氮水平下根系活力变化.结果](1)水稻产量和氮利用效率呈现极显著的基因型差异,氮高效利用基因型籽粒产量、籽粒氮积累量、氮素干物质生产效率、氨素籽粒生产效率和氮素收获指数比低效基因型高50.20％、34.20％、11.48％、26.01％和12.50％.拔节期和抽穗期水稻干物质量、氨积累量与籽粒产量、氮素籽粒生产效率、氮素收获指数均呈现显著或极显著正相关,抽穗前(特别是拔节期和抽穗期)的物质积累和氮的吸收显著影响水稻产量和氮利用效率的提高.(2)低氨水平下,氮高、低利用效率基因型间的根系形态指标差异显著.细分枝根根长占水稻总根长的比重最大,为73.40％,且高效基因型在苗期、分蘖期、拔节期和抽穗期比低效基因型分别高32.09％、14.66％、14.40％和12.69％;粗分枝根表面积和体积分别占水稻总表面积和总体积29.81％和43.50％,其中高效基因型粗分枝根表面积在拨节期和抽穗期比低效基因型分别高94.70％和64.38％,体积分别高90.24％和58.18％；不定根根长、表面积和体积分别占水稻总根长、总表面积和总体积19.68％、36.66％和41.19％,且高效基因型不定根根长、表面积和体积在拔节期比低效基因型高40.84％、44.90％和51.02％,差异最大.(3)氮高效利用基因型根系吸收面积和还原力随着氨水平的提高显著降低,而氧化力变化不大.相同氨水平下,氨高技利用基因型拔节后总吸收面积、活跃吸收面积、氧化力、还原力分别为低效基因型的1.3-2.1倍、1.1-3.2倍、1.0-3.0倍、1.4-2.2倍.(4)低氨水平下,粗分枝根的根长、表面积和体积对氮积累量影响程度最大,为47.1％-78.4％.粗分枝根的发育情况直接影响氮的吸收,从而影响水稻产量和氮利用效率.结论]低氮条件下良好的根系形态和生理活性是水稻氮高效利用的重要特征.培育氮高效利用基因型,可对水稻营养生长期根系形态和活性加以遗传改良,尤其是提高粗分枝根的比例,以期塑造良好的根系构型.
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| 关 键 词： | 水稻 氮高效基因型 氮利用效率 根系形态 根系活力 |
| 收稿时间： | 2012-07-23 |
Root Morphological and Activity Characteristics of Rice Genotype with High Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency |
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| JI Lin,LI Ting-xuan,ZHANG Xi-zhou,YU Hai-ying.Root Morphological and Activity Characteristics of Rice Genotype with High Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2012,45(23):4770-4781. |
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| Authors: | JI Lin LI Ting-xuan ZHANG Xi-zhou YU Hai-ying |
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| Affiliation: | College of Resource and Environmental Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130 |
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| Abstract: | 【Objective】 The substantial reduction in fertilizer inputs and the selection of genotypes with high nutrient utilization efficiency or aggressive nutrient acquisition are beneficial to soil fertility in crop production by low-input approach. In order to provide a theoretical basis for cultivation regulation and breeding improvement of roots, roots morphological and activity characteristics of rice genotype (Oryza sativa) with different nitrogen utilization efficiencies (NUE) were investigated under different nitrogen treatments. 【Method】 Three pot culture experiments were carried out in a net room on the farm of Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan province, China in 2008 and 2009, including soil culture experiment with nitrogen treatments of 200 mg?kg-1, hydroponics of root morphological experiment with nitrogen treatments of 20 mg?L-1, 40 mg?L-1, and hydroponics of root physiological experiment with nitrogen treatments of 10 mg?L-1, 20 mg?L-1, 40 mg?L-1, 60 mg?L-1. In this research, root morphological characteristics of fine lateral root, coarse lateral root, and adventitious root were analyzed by root analysis system of WinRHIZO. The relationship between the root characteristics and nitrogen accumulation was also analyzed. 【Result】Rice grain yield and nitrogen utilization efficiency showed extremely significant genotype differences. Grain yield, nitrogen accumulation of grain, nitrogen dry matter production efficiency, nitrogen utilization efficiency and nitrogen harvest index of high NUE were 50.20%, 34.20%, 11.48%, 26.01% and 12.50% higher than those of low NUE. Dry matter weight, nitrogen accumulation and grain yield, nitrogen utilization of rice showed a significant or very significant positive correlation at jointing stage and heading stage. Under the low nitrogen treatment, a significant difference in root morphological characteristics of different types between high NUE and low NUE. Fine lateral root length of high NUE was 32.09%, 14.66%, 14.40% and 12.69% higher than low NUE at seeding, tillering, jointing and heading stages, respectively. Coarse lateral root surface area of high NUE was 94.70% and 64.38% higher than low NUE at jointing and heading stages, while root volume was 90.24% and 58.18% higher. Adventitious root length, surface area and volume of high NUE were 40.84%, 44.90% and 51.02% higher than those of low NUE at jointing stage. Root total absorbing surface area, active absorbing surface area and reducing capacity of high NUE decreased significantly with the increase of nitrogen at different growing stages. Under the same nitrogen treatment, root total absorbing surface area, active absorbing surface area, oxidation ability and reducing capacity of high NUE were 1.3-2.1 times, 1.1-3.2 times, 1.0-3.0 times and 1.4-2.2 times higher than those of low NUE. Under the low nitrogen treatment, length, surface area and volume of coarse lateral root had the greatest influence on nitrogen accumulation, the influence degree was 47.1-78.4%. 【Conclusion】 Good root morphology and physiological activity are the important characteristics of high NUE under the low nitrogen treatment. Rice genotype with high nitrogen utilization efficiency can be cultivated through improving the quality and quantity of coarse lateral root in order to obtain good root configuration. |
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| Keywords: | rice rice genotype with high nitrogen utilization efficiency nitrogen utilization efficiency root morphological characteristics root physiological characteristics |
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