| 密度对玉米产量（＞15 000 kg•hm-2）及其产量构成因子的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 王楷,王克如,王永宏,赵健,赵如浪,王喜梅,李健,梁明晰,李少昆.密度对玉米产量（＞15 000 kg•hm-2）及其产量构成因子的影响[J].中国农业科学,2012,45(16):3437-3445. |
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| 作者姓名： | 王楷 王克如 王永宏 赵健 赵如浪 王喜梅 李健 梁明晰 李少昆 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.石河子大学农学院/绿洲生态农业重点实验室，新疆石河子 832003;
2.中国农业科学院作物研究所/农业部作物生理生态重点实验室，北京 100081;
3.宁夏农林科学院作物所，银川750002 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家科技支撑计划，国家自然科学基金 |
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| 摘 要： | 【目的】研究密度对高产玉米（＞15 000 kg?hm-2）产量及其构成因子的影响，揭示高产玉米产量形成机制，为玉米持续稳定高产提供依据。【方法】连续两年在新疆和宁夏高产玉米区，以郑单958为试材，以1.5万株/hm2为一个密度梯度，设置从1.5万株/hm2至18万株/hm2不同密度处理，充分满足水肥需求，进行高产栽培实践，在实现高产基础之上分析其产量及产量构成因子特征。【结果】两年多点共68个处理，最低和最高单产分别为7 675.5和20 503.5 kg?hm-2，其中有47个处理达到15 000 kg?hm-2以上的产量；对产量构成特征的分析表明，要达到15 000 kg?hm-2以上的高产，最低、最高密度分别为5.25万株/hm2和16.28万株/hm2；最低、最高收获穗数分别为6.66万穗/hm2和13.84万穗/hm2；最低、最高穗粒数分别为365和657粒；最低、最高千粒重分别为237和404 g。【结论】密度与单产呈抛物线关系，以10.5万株/hm2密度处理单产最高；随着产量的提高，种植密度、单位面积穗数、穗粒数和千粒重表现出最适值范围变窄的趋势。随种植密度增加，单位面积穗数呈增加趋势，穗粒数和千粒重呈下降趋势，而单位面积粒数呈增加并趋于不变趋势。
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| 关 键 词： | 玉米 密度 穗数 穗粒数 产量 |
| 收稿时间： | 2012-03-12 |
Effects of Density on Maize Yield and Yield Components |
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| WANG Kai
,
WANG Ke-ru
,
WANG Yong-hong
,
ZHAO Jian
,
ZHAO Ru-lang
,
WANG Xi-mei
,
LI Jian
,
LIANG Ming-xi
,
LI Shao-kun.Effects of Density on Maize Yield and Yield Components[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2012,45(16):3437-3445. |
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| Authors: | WANG Kai WANG Ke-ru WANG Yong-hong ZHAO Jian ZHAO Ru-lang WANG Xi-mei LI Jian LIANG Ming-xi LI Shao-kun |
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| Affiliation: | 1,2(1Agronomy College,Shihezi University/Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology Agriculture of Xinjiang Construction Group,Shihezi 832003,Xinjiang;2Institute of Crop Science,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology,Ministry of Agriculture,Beijing 100081;3Institute of Crop,Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Yinchuan 750002) |
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| Abstract: | 【Objective】Field experiments were conducted to study the influence of density on maize yield(>15 000 kg·hm-2) and yield components in order to exploring the formation mechanism of high-yield so as to provide a basis for stable high-yield maize.【Method】The experiments were carried out in high-yield maize areas of Xinjiang and Ningxia regions.Zhengdan 958(ZD958) was planted at different densities from 15 000 plants/hm2 to 180 000 plants/hm2 by making 15 000 plants/hm2 as a density gradient with fully satisfy fertilizer and water demand.High-yield cultivation was practiced,and then the yield and yield component,characteristics were analyzed based on the high-yield(>15 000 kg·hm-2).【Result】The 68 different density level plots were all at mutil-sites across two years,the highest and lowest yields were between 7 675.5 kg·hm-2 and 20 503.5 kg·hm-2,respectively.Yields of the 47 plots achieved the high yield of above 15 000 kg·hm-2.Plots with at the highest and lowest densities(52 500 plants/hm2 and 162 800 plants·hm-2) achieved the high yield of 15 000 plants/hm2.The highest and lowest number of ears was 66 600 ears/hm2 and 138 400 ears/hm2,respectively.The highest and lowest grains per ear were 365 and 657,respectively.The highest and lowest 1 000-seed-weight was 273 g and 404 g,respectively.【Conclusion】The parabolic relationship between density and yield was found,and the highest yield appeared at the density of 105 000 plants/hm2.With the increase of production,the optimal range of planting density,ear number,grains per ear and 1000-seed-weight were narrowed.With the increase of planting density,grains per ear and 1 000-seed-weight declined;ears number and grains/hm2 increased,but grains/hm2 increased slightly when density reached a certain level. |
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| Keywords: | maize density ear numbers kernels of ear yield |
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