| 苹果园土壤养分与果实品质关系的多元分析及优化方案 |
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| 引用本文： | 张强,魏钦平,刘惠平,蒋瑞山,刘旭东,王小伟.苹果园土壤养分与果实品质关系的多元分析及优化方案[J].中国农业科学,2011,44(8):1654-1661. |
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| 作者姓名： | 张强 魏钦平 刘惠平 蒋瑞山 刘旭东 王小伟 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 北京农林科学院林业果树研究所;
2. ; |
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| 基金项目： | 国家苹果产业技术体系建设专项，公益性行业(农业)科研专项 |
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| 摘 要： | 【目的】探讨土壤营养成分对富士苹果品质的影响和果品优质的土壤营养成分含量优化方案，找出果园土壤营养中存在的问题，为果园土壤有矢合理配方施肥、提高肥料利用效率提供理论依据。【方法】连续两年对北京昌平苹果园的土壤养分含量和果实品质进行调查，应用典型相关分析和线性规划等方法，筛选影响果实品质因素的主要土壤养分因子，求解富士苹果优质的土壤营养成分含量优化方案，指出调查果园土壤养分存在的问题。【结果】昌平苹果园的土壤有机质、全氮、有效磷、钾等营养成分含量和果实硬度、可溶固形物含量均高于山东、陕西和甘肃等苹果产区；果园土壤有机质含量与土壤全氮、有效磷、钾和微量元素间有正相关性，土壤碱解氮与有效硼的相关系数达0.8261；果实单果质量与土壤中有机质、碱解氮、有效磷和钾含量呈正相关，而与有效铁、锌和硼呈负相关；果实硬度与土壤有机质和碱解氮呈正相关，与有效磷和钾呈负相关；可溶性固形物含量与土壤有机质、有效钾和钙均呈正相关。获得了土壤营养成分含量优化方案为：土壤有机质含量10.0～40.0 g.kg-1、全氮大于0.50g.kg-1、碱解氮400 mg.kg-1、有效磷230.88～400 mg.kg-1、有效钾583.43～600 mg.kg-1、有效钙1.0～5.0 mg.kg-1、有效铁5.00～60.00 mg.kg-1、有效锌0.80～20.0 mg.kg-1、有效硼0.5 mg.kg-1，理论上果实单果质量可以达到350.66 g、硬度12.16 kg.cm-2、可溶性固形物含量23.19％、可滴定酸含量0.377％。在调查苹果园中，85.29％果园土壤碱解氮在200 mg.kg-1 以下；50％的果园缺磷，91.18％的果园缺钾，大部分果园土壤有效铁、锌含量不足。【结论】提高土壤中碱解氮、有效磷、钾和铁、锌含量是果园土壤管理的重点。
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| 关 键 词： | 苹果 土壤养分 果实品质 多元分析 优化方案 |
| 收稿时间： | 2010-10-08; |
Multivariate Analysis and Optimum Proposals of the Relationship Between Soil Nutrients and Fruit Qualities in Apple Orchard |
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| ZHANG Qiang,WEI Qin-ping,LIU Hui-ping,JIANG Run-shan,LIU Xu-dong,WANG Xiao-wei.Multivariate Analysis and Optimum Proposals of the Relationship Between Soil Nutrients and Fruit Qualities in Apple Orchard[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2011,44(8):1654-1661. |
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| Authors: | ZHANG Qiang WEI Qin-ping LIU Hui-ping JIANG Run-shan LIU Xu-dong WANG Xiao-wei |
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| Affiliation: | ZHANG Qiang1,WEI Qin-ping1,LIU Hui-ping2,JIANG Run-shan2,LIU Xu-dong2,WANG Xiao-wei1(1Institute of Forestry&Pomology,Beijing Academy of Agriculture&Forestry Sciences,Beijing 100093,2Forestry Bureau of Changping District in Beijing,Beijing 102200) |
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| Abstract: | 【Objective】 To find out problem in soil nutrient of apple orchard and obtain the theory basis for targeting reasonable balanced fertilization and increasing utilization ratio of fertilizer nutrient, effect nutritive element content in soil on fruit qualities and optimum quantity of nutrient elements for good fruit qualities were explored.【Method】The investigations were carried out soil nutrient and fruit qualities, and methods of Canonical Correlation Analysis and linear program were used to screen major soil nutrient elements affecting fruit qualities, to solve optimum proposal of nutrient elements for good apple qualities, to point out existing problem of soil nutrient in survey apple orchard.【Result】Soil organic matter, available P,K, fruit firmness and soluble solids content in apple orchard of Changping district were higher than that of Shandong, Shaanxi and Gansu province. The soil organic matter was positive correlation with total N, available P, K and microelement, and correlation coefficient was 0.8261 between alkeline-N and available Zn. The fruit mass were positive correlation with soil organic matter, alkeline-N, available P, K, and negative correlation with available Fe, Zn and B. The fruit firmness were positive correlation with soil organic matter, Alkeline-N, and negative correlation with available P and K. The soluble solids content were positive correlation soil organic matter, available K and Ca. The optimum proposal of nutrient elements content in soil was obtained by linear program resolution that were 10.0～40.0 g.kg-1 in organic matter, 0.50 g.kg-1 in total N, and 400 mg.kg-1, 254.47～400.0 mg.kg-1, 600.0 mg.kg-1, 5.00 mg.kg-1, 5.00～60.00 mg.kg-1, 0.80～20.0 mg.kg-1, 0.5 mg.kg-1 in alkeline-N, available P, K, Ca, ?Fe, Zn, and B respectively. Under this optimum proposal of soil , the target of fruit qualities in 350.66 g mass, 12.16 kg.cm-2 firmness, 23.19％ soluble solids, 0.377％ titratable acid will be achieved theoretically. The results indicate more than 50% soil samples were deficient in available P, and 91.18％, many orchards deficient element Fe and Zn respectively in investigation orchard . 【Conclusion】It is key point to improve alkeline-N , available P, K and Fe,Zn content in soil in apple orchard of Beijing Changping. |
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| Keywords: | apple soil nutrient contents fruit qualities multivariate analysis optimum proposal |
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