| 新疆地区荷斯坦牛长寿性与产奶量的遗传力估计及相关性分析 |
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| 引用本文： | 董明明,赵番番,葛建军,赵俊亮,王丹,胥磊,张梦华,种丽伟,黄锡霞,王雅春.新疆地区荷斯坦牛长寿性与产奶量的遗传力估计及相关性分析[J].中国农业科学,2022,55(21):4294-4303. |
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| 作者姓名： | 董明明 赵番番 葛建军 赵俊亮 王丹 胥磊 张梦华 种丽伟 黄锡霞 王雅春 |
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| 作者单位： | 1新疆农业大学动物科学学院，乌鲁木齐 8300522新疆呼图壁种牛场，新疆呼图壁 8312033中国农业大学动物科学技术学院，北京 100193 |
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| 基金项目： | 新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技专项(2020A01001);国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-36);新疆维吾尔自治区研究生科研创新项目(XJ2021G178) |
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| 摘 要： | 【目的】产奶性状和长寿性状均是奶牛育种中的重要性状。近年来奶牛选育中追求高产，在产奶量不断提高的同时，长寿性却呈下降趋势。随着平衡育种理念的发展，各奶业发达国家陆续将长寿性状纳入其奶牛综合选择指数。为此，探究产奶量和奶牛长寿性间的关系，为新疆地区制定中国荷斯坦奶牛综合选择指数，实现平衡育种和奶业高质量健康发展提供借鉴。【方法】收集新疆地区3个规模化牛场1997—2020年间的各项生产记录，计算在群天数和生产寿命，共计获得7 206条奶牛长寿性记录和15 218条头胎305 d产奶量记录。收集个体三代系谱信息共计18 183条，其中包括903头公牛以及20 883头母牛。首先利用SAS 9.2软件的GLM过程分析场、出生年份、出生季节和初产月龄对新疆地区中国荷斯坦牛在群天数、生产寿命和头胎305 d产奶量的影响，计算出在群天数、生产寿命和头胎305 d产奶量的最小二乘均值。再利用SPSS 19.0 软件计算新疆地区中国荷斯坦牛在群天数、生产寿命和头胎305 d产奶量Pearson相关系数。其次利用DMU软件中AI-REML结合EM算法并配合多性状动物模型，估计新疆地区荷斯坦奶牛在群天数、生产寿命和头胎305 d产奶量的遗传方差、表型方差、协方差，计算在群天数、生产寿命和头胎305 d产奶量之间的遗传相关。最后利用动物模型 BLUP 法对新疆地区中国荷斯坦牛在群天数、生产寿命和头胎305 d产奶量进行育种值的估计，并绘制遗传趋势图。【结果】对新疆地区中国荷斯坦牛在群天数、生产寿命和头胎305 d产奶量进行基本统计分析结果显示：新疆地区中国荷斯坦奶牛平均在群天数1 754.7 d，平均生产寿命937.33 d，头胎305 d产奶量平均为9 362.94 kg。GLM程序分析显示不同场、出生年份、出生季节以及初产月龄效应对在群天数、生产寿命以及头胎305 d产奶量均有极显著影响（P<0.01）。新疆地区中国荷斯坦牛在群天数、生产寿命和头胎305 d产奶量的遗传力为0.11（0.03）、0.11（0.03）和0.33（0.03）。在群天数和生产寿命之间遗传和表型相关高，相关系数分别为0.99和0.98;305 d产奶量与在群天数和生产寿命表型之间呈正相关，相关系数分别为0.079和0.077，而遗传相关则呈负相关，相关系数分别为-0.18和-0.20。对新疆地区中国荷斯坦在群天数、生产寿命和头胎305 d产奶量遗传趋势图绘制可知，在群天数和生产寿命，均随着参测牛头数增加育种值变化较大，整体呈下降趋势;荷斯坦牛的头胎305 d产奶量同样随着参测牛头数的增加，育种值变化较大，但是总体呈现上升趋势。【结论】因此在对产奶量进行选育提高同时，应当兼顾长寿性，避免随着产奶量的提高，导致奶牛长寿性的下降。
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| 关 键 词： | 头胎305d产奶量 在群天数 生产寿命 遗传力 遗传相关 |
| 收稿时间： | 2021-09-01 |
Heritability Estimation and Correlation Analysis of Longevity and Milk Yield of Holstein Cattle in Xinjiang Region |
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| DONG MingMing,ZHAO FanFan,GE JianJun,ZHAO JunLiang,WANG Dan,XU Lei,ZHANG MengHua,ZHONG LiWei,HUANG XiXia,WANG YaChun.Heritability Estimation and Correlation Analysis of Longevity and Milk Yield of Holstein Cattle in Xinjiang Region[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2022,55(21):4294-4303. |
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| Authors: | DONG MingMing ZHAO FanFan GE JianJun ZHAO JunLiang WANG Dan XU Lei ZHANG MengHua ZHONG LiWei HUANG XiXia WANG YaChun |
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| Affiliation: | 1College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 8300522Xinjiang Hutubi Cattle Breeding Farm, Hutubi 831203, Xinjiang3College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193 |
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| Abstract: | 【Objective】 Milk production and longevity are important traits in dairy cattle breeding. In recent years, the high milk yield has been pursued in dairy cattle breeding, while longevity has been declining. With the development of balanced breeding, the longevity traits were gradually included into the comprehensive selection index of dairy cows in developed countries. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between milk yield and longevity of dairy cows, and to provide the reference for Xinjiang region to develop the comprehensive selection index of Holstein dairy cows in China, so as to achieve balanced breeding and high-quality healthy development of dairy industry. 【Method】 The production records of three large-scale dairy farms in Xinjiang from 1997 to 2020 were collected, and the herd life and production life were calculated. The longevity records of 7 206 dairy cows and first parity 305 d milk yield of 15 218 first fetuses were obtained. A total of 18 183 pieces of pedigree information from three generations of individuals were collected, including 903 bulls and 20 883 cows. Firstly, the GLM process of SAS 9.2 software was used to analyze the effects of field, birth year, birth season and age at first calving on the herd days, productive life and first parity 305 d milk yield of Chinese Holstein cattle in Xinjiang region, and the least square mean values of the herd days, productive life and the first parity 305 d milk were calculated. SPSS 19.0 software was used to calculate the Pearson correlation coefficient between the number of herd days, production life and first parity 305 d milk yield of Chinese Holstein cattle in Xinjiang. Secondly, the genetic variance and covariance of herd days, productive life and first parity 305 d milk yield of Holstein dairy cows in Xinjiang were estimated by using AI-REML in DMU software combined with EM algorithm and multi-trait animal model, and the genetic correlation between herd days, productive life and first parity 305 d milk yield was calculated. Finally, the breeding values of the herd days, productive life and first parity 305 d milk yield of Chinese Holstein cattle in Xinjiang region were estimated by animal model BLUP method, and the genetic trend chart was drawn. 【Result】 The results of basic statistical analysis on the days in the herd days, productive life and first parity 305 d milk yield of Chinese Holstein cows in Xinjiang showed that the average herd days of Chinese Holstein cows in Xinjiang was 1 754.7 days, the average production life was 937.33 days, and the average first parity 305 d milk yield was 9 362.94 kg. GLM program analysis showed that the effects of different fields, birth year, birth season and age at first calving had significant effects on herd days, productive life and first parity 305 d milk yield (P<0.01). The heritability of herd days, productive life and first parity 305 d milk yield of Chinese Holstein cattle in Xinjiang was 0.11 (0.03), 0.11 (0.03) and 0.33 (0.03), respectively. The genetic and phenotypic correlations between herd days span and productive life span were 0.99 and 0.98, respectively. There was a positive correlation between first parity 305 d milk yield and the phenotypes of herd days and production life, with correlation coefficients of 0.079 and 0.077, respectively, while genetic correlation was negative, with correlation coefficients of -0.18 and -0.20, respectively. The genetic trend chart of the herd days, the productive life and the first parity 305 d milk yield of Holstein in Xinjiang showed that the breeding values of the herd days and the productive life changed greatly with the increase of the number of cattle tested, and the overall trend decreased. The first parity 305 d milk yield of Holstein cattle in the first foetus also changed greatly with the increase of the number of cattle tested, but showed an overall upward trend.【Conclusion】 Therefore, the longevity of dairy cows should be considered while improving milk yield, so as to avoid the decline of longevity of dairy cows with the increase of milk yield. |
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| Keywords: | first parity 305 d milk yield herd days production life heritability genetic correlation |
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