| 中国西南地区玉米产量对基础地力和施肥的响应 |
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| 引用本文： | 徐春丽,谢军,王珂,李丹萍,陈轩敬,张跃强,陈新平,石孝均.中国西南地区玉米产量对基础地力和施肥的响应[J].中国农业科学,2018,51(1):129-138. |
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| 作者姓名： | 徐春丽 谢军 王珂 李丹萍 陈轩敬 张跃强 陈新平 石孝均 |
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| 作者单位： | 西南大学资源环境学院/农业部西南耕地保育重点实验室;西南大学农业科学研究院; |
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| 基金项目： | 国家科技支撑计划（2015BAD06B04） |
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| 摘 要： | 【目的】明确西南地区土壤基础地力与不同施肥措施对玉米产量的影响,以期为西南玉米种植区土壤培肥以及合理施肥提供科学依据。【方法】依据2006年以来在西南地区布置的508个玉米田间试验,选取不施肥对照(CK)、氮磷(NP)、氮钾(NK)、磷钾(PK)、氮磷钾(NPK)5个处理,测定玉米产量和养分吸收分析了西南地区玉米基础地力产量和地力贡献特征、玉米施肥产量反应和农学效率。采用直线拟合和边界线分析评价玉米种植区土壤基础地力与玉米施肥产量及产量差的关系;用稳定性指数和可持续性指数评估了基础地力状况对施肥产量稳定性和可持续性的影响。【结果】西南地区玉米基础地力产量在3.9-4.7 t·hm~(-2)(平均为4.4 t·hm~(-2));施肥能显著提高玉米产量,施肥(NPK)区平均产量为7.7 t·hm~(-2),比基础地力产量平均增产3.3 t·hm~(-2),边界线分析结果表明,重庆、四川、贵州的施肥高产潜力分别为11.5、12.7、12.6 t·hm~(-2)(平均为11.7 t·hm~(-2))。玉米产量的地力贡献率和肥料贡献率平均分别为57.1%和42.9%;玉米地力贡献率随着基础地力产量的提升而增加。西南地区肥料对玉米的增产效果表现为氮肥磷肥钾肥。重庆、四川、贵州及整个西南地区玉米现实生产力与基础地力拟合直线决定系数分别达0.356、0.393、0.448和0.434(P0.0001);随着基础地力的提升,玉米施肥产量差降低,产量的稳定性和可持续性增加。【结论】在西南地区,提高土壤基础地力可以提升玉米的施肥产量,提高产量的稳定性和可持续性,降低产量差,减少玉米对肥料的依赖性,促进西南地区玉米的高产稳产。
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| 关 键 词： | 玉米 基础地力 产量 施肥 西南地区 |
| 收稿时间： | 2017-06-09 |
The Response of Maize Yield to Inherent Soil Productivity and Fertilizer in the Southwest |
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| XU ChunLi,XIE Jun,WANG Ke,LI DanPing,CHEN XuanJing,ZHANG YueQiang,CHEN XinPing,SHI XiaoJun.The Response of Maize Yield to Inherent Soil Productivity and Fertilizer in the Southwest[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2018,51(1):129-138. |
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| Authors: | XU ChunLi XIE Jun WANG Ke LI DanPing CHEN XuanJing ZHANG YueQiang CHEN XinPing SHI XiaoJun |
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| Affiliation: | 1.College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University/The Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Southwest China), Ministry of Agriculture, Chongqing 400716;2. Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716 |
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| Abstract: | 【Objective】The objective of this study was to explicit the effect of inherent soil productivity and different fertilizer measures on maize (Zea mays L.) yield in southwest China, so as to provide scientific basis for improving soil fertility and proper fertilization of the maize belt in southwest China.【Method】Based on 508 maize field trials in southwest China since 2006, we have chosen 5 treatments, including non-fertilizing control (CK), nitrogen and phosphate (NP) fertilizer, nitrogen and potassium (NK) fertilizer, phosphate and potassium (PK) fertilizer, and NPK fertilizer (NPK), to measure maize yield and nutrient absorption, and to analyze the yield, soil and contribution characteristics of inherent soil productivity, as well as yield response and agronomic efficiency. And we evaluated the relationship between the soil foundation and maize yield (or yield gap) by using the line fitting and boundary line method, and assessed the effect of the soil foundation on the stability and sustainability of fertilizer-induced yield by using the stability index and the sustainability index in the maize planting area.【Result】The maize yield based on soil fundamental fertility in the southwest region ranged from 3.9 to 4.7 t·hm-2 (average: 4.4 t·hm-2). Fertilization could significantly increase the maize yield. The average yield in the fertilizer (NPK) application area was 7.7 t·hm-2, which increased 3.3 t·hm-2 than the yield based on the soil fundamental fertility. The results based on the boundary analysis showed that the high yield potential was 11.5, 12.7, 12.6 t·hm-2 (average11.7 t·hm-2) in Chongqing, Sichuan and Guizhou, respectively. The contribution rate of maize yield and fertilizer contribution averaged 57.1% and 42.9%, respectively; the contribution rate of soil productivity increases with the increase yield based on inherent soil productivity. The effects of fertilizers on the increase of maize yield from high to low were as followed: the nitrogen fertilizer > phosphate fertilizer > potash fertilizer in southwest China. The fitting line decision coefficient between maize realistic productivity and inherent soil productivity in Chongqing, Sichuan, Guizhou and the entire southwest was 0.356, 0.356, 0.393 and 0.434 (P<0.001), respectively. And with the increase of inherent soil productivity, the fertilizer-induced yield gap decreased, whereas the stability and sustainability of the yield increased. 【Conclusion】Improving inherent soil productivity could increase the maize yield and increase the stability and sustainability of the yield, reduce the dependence of maize on fertilizer, and promote the high and stable yield of maize in the southwest China. |
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| Keywords: | maize inherent soil productivity yield fertilization Southwest China
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