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黄腐酸对番茄幼苗适应低磷胁迫的生理调控作用
引用本文:张丽丽,刘德兴,史庆华,巩彪.黄腐酸对番茄幼苗适应低磷胁迫的生理调控作用[J].中国农业科学,2018,51(8):1547-1555.
作者姓名:张丽丽  刘德兴  史庆华  巩彪
作者单位:山东农业大学园艺科学与工程学院/作物生物学国家重点实验室/农业部黄淮海地区园艺作物生物学与种质创新重点实验室
基金项目:国家自然科学基金(31501779)、山东农业大学泉林黄腐酸肥料工程实验室开放研发基金(QL2016-3)
摘    要:【目的】磷是植物生长发育的关键元素之一,缺磷会严重影响作物的产量和质量。黄腐酸作为一种天然有机物,在促进植物生长的同时还能提高植物的抗逆能力。开展黄腐酸对番茄幼苗适应低磷胁迫生理调控作用研究,明确黄腐酸对番茄适应低磷胁迫的生理调控机制,对黄腐酸缓解番茄"遗传学缺磷"的概念和机理做出合理解释。【方法】采用Hogland营养液水培方式,以番茄‘金棚1号’为供试品种,待番茄幼苗长到三叶一心时移到水培盆中缓苗7 d,外源添加不同浓度(0、0.04、0.08、0.12、0.16和0.20 g·L~(-1))黄腐酸,研究其对低磷胁迫(10μmol·L~(-1))下番茄幼苗生长、根系发育、光合作用性能、磷素吸收和分配、有机酸积累和分泌等生理过程的影响。【结果】低磷胁迫下,随着黄腐酸施用量的增加,番茄幼苗的各项生理指标基本呈现先增后降趋势。当黄腐酸的施用浓度为0.08 g·L~(-1)时,显著提高根冠比;增加叶绿素含量,提高叶片光合作用性能;提高番茄不同组织中磷素积累、分配和转运;提高磷转运相关基因(PT1和PHO1)的表达,其中PT1能促进番茄幼苗根系向环境中吸收磷酸盐缓解低磷胁迫;PHO1能促进磷酸盐由根系向茎叶分配从而有效缓解地上部缺磷。黄腐酸能提高根系有机酸(草酸、苹果酸、柠檬酸、琥珀酸和酒石酸)积累,降低根系中无氧呼吸产物乳酸和乙酸含量,促进质子泵基因(HA1)的表达,促进根系泌酸,这种生理代谢变化有利于将环境中难溶性的磷转变为可溶性的磷,并促进植物根系对磷素吸收;增强生长发育相关转录因子(GRAS1)表达,降低叶片花青素积累。【结论】通过低磷胁迫下添加一定浓度的黄腐酸可明显改善番茄幼苗地上部生长及根系发育,可在一定程度上缓解植物的缺磷症状。

关 键 词:番茄  黄腐酸  低磷胁迫  生理调控  />
收稿时间:2017-08-29

Physiological Regulatory Effects of Fulvic Acid on Stress Tolerance of Tomato Seedlings Against Phosphate Deficiency
ZHANG LiLi,LIU DeXing,SHI QingHua,GONG Biao.Physiological Regulatory Effects of Fulvic Acid on Stress Tolerance of Tomato Seedlings Against Phosphate Deficiency[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2018,51(8):1547-1555.
Authors:ZHANG LiLi  LIU DeXing  SHI QingHua  GONG Biao
Affiliation:College of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University/Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Creation in Huang-Huai Region, Tai’an 271018, Shandong
Abstract:【Objective】Phosphorus is one of the key elements of plant growth and development. Phosphorus deficiency can seriously affect crop yield and quality. Fulvic acid, as a natural organic compound, can promote plant growth and improve plant stress resistance. In order to ascertain the physiological regulatory mechanisms of fulvic acid on stress tolerance of tomato seedlings against phosphate deficiency, we will execute this experiment to explain the mitigative mechanisms of “genetic phosphate deficiency” by fulvic acid in tomato seedlings. It has launched the experiment to study on physiological control of tomato seedlings adapting to low phosphorus stress by fulvic acid. 【Method】 Tomato cultivar of ‘JinPeng No.1’ was used as the tested cultivar, and Hogland nutrient solution hydroponics was used in this experiment. When the tomato seedlings grew to three leaves, they were moved to the hydroponic basin for seven days. We studied the roles of applying different concentrations of exogenous fulvic acid (0, 0.04, 0.08, 0.12, 0.16, and 0.20 g·L-1; T0-T5 ) on the growth of tomato seedlings, root development, ability of photosynthesis, uptake and distribution of phosphate, accumulation and secretion of organic acid, and so on under hydroponic environment of phosphate deficiency.【Result】With the increase of the amount of fulvic acid (T1-T5), the physiological indexes of tomato seedlings showed a trend of rising first and then decreasing under low-phosphorus stress. Application of fulvic acid to 0.08 g·L-1 had a significant effect on increasing ratio of root to shoot; improving chlorophyll content, photosynthetic performance of leaves, enhancing phosphorus accumulation, distribution and transport in different tissues of tomato,phosphorus transporter-related gene''s expression (PT1 and PHO1). PT1 can promote the roots of tomato seedlings to the environment in the uptake of phosphate alleviate low phosphorus stress and PHO1 can promote phosphate from root to stem and leaf distribution in order to effectively alleviate the shoot phosphorus deficiency. It can also improve the accumulation and secretion of organic acid (oxalate, malate, citrate, succinate, and tartrate), reducing the roots of anaerobic respiration products of lactic acid and acetic acid, promoting the proton pump gene (HA1) expression that can effectively change the environment of insoluble phosphorus to soluble phosphate and increased soluble phosphate content in the environment to promote plant root phosphorus content, improving growth- and development-related gene''s expression (GRAS1) as well as decreasing the anthocyanin accumulation. 【Conclusion】Adding fulvic acid at a certain concentration under low-phosphorus stress can significantly improve shoot growth and root development of tomato seedlings. It indicates that the addition of fulvic acid can alleviate the phosphorus deficiency symptoms of plants to a certain extent and reveal the regulation of fulvic acid physiological mechanism of tomato actively against phosphorus deficiency.
Keywords:tomato  fulvic acid  phosphate deficiency  physiological regulation
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