| 玉米覆膜精播多功能一体化播种机的设计与研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 王创云,赵丽,邓妍,郭虹霞,王晋,王陆军,张丽光,王美霞,李永平,李海燕.玉米覆膜精播多功能一体化播种机的设计与研究[J].农学学报,2016,6(2):101-106. |
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| 作者姓名： | 王创云 赵丽 邓妍 郭虹霞 王晋 王陆军 张丽光 王美霞 李永平 李海燕 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 山西省农业科学院作物科学研究所,太原030031;山西腾达种业有限公司,太原030031;2. 山西省农业科学院现代农业研究中心,太原,030031 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家科技部中小企业技术创新基金项目“玉米抗旱、增产、节本精播栽培技术开发”(13C26211400711)；农业部2015 年度公益性行业（农业）科研专项“黄土高原小麦玉米油菜田间节水节肥节药综合技术方案”(201503124)。 |
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| 摘 要： | 为了解决春玉米种植时种子浪费严重、地膜烧苗、施肥落后等技术难题,研制了玉米覆膜精播多功能一体化播种机,并对玉米覆膜精播多功能一体化播种机整机构造、工作原理以及关键部件进行研究,提供了玉米精密播种机械的主要技术参数,并在试验田进行了播种田间性能测试试验,以2FBJD-2(机械式播种)为对照。结果表明:该机整体结构合理,播种性能优,播种速度快;平均播种深度为3.52 cm,没有过深或晒种现象,与对照相比,比对照深0.20 cm,差异显著;株距合格率为93.80%,重播率9.20%,漏播率2.60%,播种均匀性较好;覆膜质量高,破损率基本为0;施肥的稳定性和各行一致性效果较好;出苗率高达95.60%,较对照91.80%高3.80%。收获后测产表明,该机械播种的田间地块平均产量达12934.50 kg/hm~2,较对照产量11473.40 kg/hm~2高12.70%。该机能够一次性完成平地、覆膜、施肥、打孔、播种、覆土、镇压等多项作业,降低劳动强度,提高工作效率,节约成本,基本能够满足玉米农艺要求。
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| 关 键 词： | 玉米 一体化播种机 覆膜机构 施肥机构 产量 |
| 收稿时间： | 2015/6/29 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2015/8/7 0:00:00 |
Design and Evaluation of Corn Multifunctional and Integrated Seeder |
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| Abstract: | In order to solve the problems of seeds waste, film burning seedlings, technological backwardness of fertilizing and so on during planting spring corn, a corn multifunctional and integrated seeder was designed. Structural parameters were provided through analyzing overall structure, working principles and critical parts of
this machine, and field performance tests were also carried out in comparing with 2FBJD- 2 (another mechanical sowing machine). The results showed that the structure of this machine was more reasonable than that of 2FBJD-2. Its quality and speed of sowing were also better than 2FBJD-2. The average seeding depth of this machine was 3.52 cm without too deep or too shallow phenomenon. It was 0.20 cm deeper than the control group and the difference was significant. The qualified rate of seedlings space was 93.80%, reseeding rate was 9.20% and miss- seeding rate was 2.60%. So the seeding uniformity was better than that of the control group. This machine had high mulching quality and the damage rate was almost 0. The stability of fertilization and uniformity of rows were better than that of the control group. The germination rate in the field which was seeded by the corn multifunctional and integrated machine was 95.60%, 3.80% higher than that of the control group, whose germination rate was 91.80%. In addition, the harvest test showed that the yield of the field seeded by this machine was higher and the average yield was 12934.50 kg/hm2, which increased by 12.70% in comparing with that of the control group (11473.40 kg/hm2). In conclusion, this multifunctional and integrated seeder could conduct land leveling, film mulching, fertilizing, punching, seeding, soil covering and earth compacting at the same time. This machine could reduce the labor intensity, increase working efficiency and saving cost. It can basically meet the agronomic requirements of maize. |
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| Keywords: | Corn Multifunctional and Integrated Seeder Film of the Seeder Fertilization of the Seeder Yield |
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