| 不同采收期及贮藏方式对杂柑爱媛28果实品质的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 杨蕾,洪林,杨海健,王武,汪卉.不同采收期及贮藏方式对杂柑爱媛28果实品质的影响[J].南方农业学报,2022,53(4):1088-1101. |
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| 作者姓名： | 杨蕾 洪林 杨海健 王武 汪卉 |
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| 作者单位： | 重庆市农业科学院果树研究所, 重庆 401329 |
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| 基金项目： | 重庆市科技创新专项(cstc2016shms-ztzx80002)重庆市特色水果产业技术体系创新团队项目(2021-03)重庆市技术创新与应用发展专项(cstc2019jscx-msxmX0373,cstc2019jscx-msxmX0376) |
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| 摘 要： | 【目的】明确不同采收期及贮藏方式对杂柑爱媛28果实采后贮藏品质的影响,为重庆地区爱媛28适宜的采收和贮藏提供参考依据。【方法】以3个采收时期(2019年10月13日、10月28日和11月12日)和常温(20℃)、冷藏(4℃)通风贮藏条件下的爱媛28果实为试验材料,测定果实可溶性固形物、可滴定酸、维生素C、果皮色泽、硬度、失重率、腐烂率和采后病害发生情况等指标,采用主成分分析和隶属函数法综合评价爱媛28的适宜采收期和贮藏方式。【结果】随着成熟度的增加,爱媛28果实L值呈逐渐降低趋势,贮藏期间色泽无明显变化,采收期Ⅰ(10月13日)的L值为62.71±2.67,采收期Ⅲ(11月12日)的L值为56.87±4.28;随采收期延后,a/b逐渐增加,但在贮藏期间a/b无明显变化,采收期Ⅰa/b为0.51,采收期Ⅱ(10月28日)a/b为0.60,采收期Ⅲa/b为0.61。不同采收期的果实失重率和腐烂率均逐渐增加,通风冷藏明显低于常温贮藏,采收期Ⅰ冷藏条件下的总失重率为12.62%,采收期Ⅲ常温条件下的总失重率为33.57%。采收期Ⅰ果实病害种类较少,总病果率相对较低。不同采收期和贮藏方式下,果实硬度均表现为先升后降,常温贮藏果实带皮硬度较高,去皮硬度较小。随贮藏时间的延长,可滴定酸含量总体均呈逐渐减小趋势,不同采收期和贮藏方式下果实可溶性固形物和维生素C含量变化规律不一。对不同采收期和贮藏方式下贮藏15、30、45和60 d时果实10个主要品质指标分别进行主成分分析和隶属函数分析,结果显示,早采的果实贮藏品质优于晚采,通风冷藏效果优于常温贮藏,采收期Ⅰ+冷藏组合方式的综合贮藏效果最佳。【结论】综合主成分分析和隶属函数分析结果,建议重庆地区爱媛28果实可适当提前至10月中旬采收鲜销或短期冷藏保鲜。
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| 关 键 词： | 杂柑爱媛28 采收期 贮藏方式 品质 隶属函数 综合评价 |
| 收稿时间： | 2021-05-19 |
Effects of different harvesting period and storage methods on Aiyuan 28 citrus fruit quality |
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| YANG Lei,HONG Lin,YANG Hai-jian,WANG Wu,WANG Hui.Effects of different harvesting period and storage methods on Aiyuan 28 citrus fruit quality[J].Journal of Southern Agriculture,2022,53(4):1088-1101. |
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| Authors: | YANG Lei HONG Lin YANG Hai-jian WANG Wu WANG Hui |
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| Affiliation: | Fruit Research Institute,Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Chongqing 401329, China |
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| Abstract: | 【Objective】To study the effects of different harvesting stages and storage methods on the postharvest storage quality of Aiyuan 28 fruit,so as to provide a reference for the appropriate harvesting and storage of Aiyuan 28 in Chongqing.【Method】Aiyuan 28 fruits from three harvesting date(October 13,October 28 and November 12 in 2019)and two different ventilation storage conditions at normal temperature(20 ℃)and cold storage(4 ℃)were used as the experimental material. Fruit soluble solids,titratable acid,vitamin C,the skin color,firmness,weight loss rate,decay rate,postharvest diseases infection situation and other indicators were determined for comprehensive evaluation by principal component analysis and fuzzy membership function method.【Result】The results showed that L value of Aiyuan 28 fruit was decreased gradually with the increasing of maturity,but the fruit color did not change significantly during storage. The L value at harvesting period Ⅰ(October 13)was 62.71±2.67,and the L value at harvesting period Ⅲ(November 12)was56.87±4.28. The value of a/b increased through harvesting period delaying,but there was no significant change in the value of a/b during storage. The value of a/b at harvesting period Ⅰ was 0.51,that at harvesting period Ⅱ(October 28)was0.60,and that at harvesting period Ⅲ was 0.61. In the process of storage,fruit weight loss rate and decay rate of different harvesting periods under both storage methods increased gradually,the rate in ventilated cold storage was lower than that under normal temperature storage. The total weight loss rate was 12.62% under cold storage at harvesting period Ⅰ and33.57% under normal temperature storage at harvesting period Ⅲ. Diseases and total disease fruit rate on fruits picked in harvesting periodⅠwas less. Under different harvesting periods and storage methods,the fruit firmness increased first and then decreased,the fruit skin firmness was higher under storage at normal temperature,but the sarcocarp firmness was less. The content of titratable acid(TA)decreased gradually,but there were no stably changing pattern in the content of soluble solid and vitamin C. And then 10 fruit major quality indexes at 15,30,45 and 60 d after storing under different storage methods and under different harvesting periods were used for principal component analysis and membership function analysis respectively. It showed that fruit storage quality of early harvesting was better than that of later harvesting while the effect of ventilated cold storage was significantly better,harvesting periodⅠwith cold storage brought the best storage effect.【Conclusion】Considering the results of principal component analysis and membership function analysis,it is suggested that Aiyuan 28 in Chongqing can be properly harvested and sold in advance to the middle of October or kept fresh under ventilated cold storage soon after harvesting period. |
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