| 基于不同育苗方式对新引进西瓜品种需水规律和产量品质的研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 赵相宇,田军仓,马波.基于不同育苗方式对新引进西瓜品种需水规律和产量品质的研究[J].南方农业学报,2021,52(12):3425-3433. |
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| 作者姓名： | 赵相宇 田军仓 马波 |
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| 作者单位： | 1 宁夏大学土木与水利工程学院, 银川 750021;2 宁夏节水灌溉与水资源调控工程技术研究中心, 银川 750021;3 旱区现代农业水资源高效利用教育部工程研究中心, 银川 750021 |
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| 基金项目： | 宁夏重点研发计划项目（2019BEH03010）；宁夏重点研发计划重大项目（2018BBF02022）；宁夏高等学校一流学科建设（水利工程学科）资助项目（NXYLXK2021A03） |
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| 摘 要： | 【目的】研究压砂地栽培新引进西瓜品种的生育期耗水规律、土壤水分动态变化、产量和品质，选出最优品种，为宁夏中部干旱带压砂地西瓜大面积轻简化栽培提供科学参考。【方法】以4个西瓜品种（NK-TM、R-18、N-08和DD-87）为研究对象，在相同灌水定额和施肥条件下，研究不同育苗方式（自根和嫁接）的生育期需水规律、产量和品质，分析不同处理上述指标的差异性。【结果】降水和灌水对土壤含水量变化影响明显，在灌溉后和下雨后各个处理土壤体积含水率明显增加，其他状态下土壤体积含水率大部分保持在13.0%。苗期以蒸发耗水为主，自根苗和嫁接苗日耗水量为0.60~1.94mm；伸蔓期日耗水量为1.19~1.74mm；开花坐果期耗水量有较大幅度增加，日耗水量达峰值，为4.34~8.57mm；进入膨瓜期日耗水量逐渐减小，降至2.95~3.77mm；西瓜成熟期日耗水量最小，为0.95~1.59mm；西瓜嫁接苗总耗水量除苗期总体低于自根苗外，其他时期均高于自根苗。西瓜接嫁苗产量明显高于自根苗，品种R-18和N-08西瓜嫁接苗产量较高，分别为43766.61和41745.13kg/ha。但在西瓜品质指标方面，自根苗明显优于嫁接苗。在各个处理中，N-08嫁接苗的果皮最薄，仅为8.33mm。相关分析结果显示，在相同水肥条件下，西瓜产量与育苗方式和作物耗水量有极显著相关性（P<0.01），总酸含量与品种间、维生素C含量与作物耗水量间呈显著负相关（P<0.05）。【结论】4个新引进压砂地种植西瓜品种的产量和品质与耗水量及育苗方式关系密切，品种N-08嫁接苗表现优异，可推荐在宁夏中部干旱带压砂地种植。
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| 关 键 词： | 西瓜 品种 压砂地 育苗方式 耗水量 产量 |
| 收稿时间： | 2021-07-02 |
Water demand law of newly introduced varieties of watermelon and fruit yield and quality in different nursery techniques |
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| ZHAO Xiang-yu,TIAN Jun-cang,MA Bo.Water demand law of newly introduced varieties of watermelon and fruit yield and quality in different nursery techniques[J].Journal of Southern Agriculture,2021,52(12):3425-3433. |
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| Authors: | ZHAO Xiang-yu TIAN Jun-cang MA Bo |
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| Affiliation: | 1 School of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China;2 Engineering Technology Research Center of Water-saving and Water Resource Regulation in Ningxia, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China;3 Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Modern Agricultural Water Resources in Arid Regions, Ministry of Education, Yinchuan 750021, China |
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| Abstract: | 【Objective】To study the water consumption pattern，soil water dynamics，yield and quality of watermelon of newly introduced varieties cultivated on pressed sand，and the optimal varieties were selected to provide scientific reference for large-scale light and simplified cultivation of watermelon in the arid zone of central Ningxia.【Method】Used comparative experimental research method to study the fertility water demand pattern，yield and quality of four varieties of 4 watermelon varieties（NK-TM，R-18，N-08 and DD-87）under the same irrigation quota and fertilization conditions with different seedling techniques（self-rooting and grafting），and analyzed the variability of the above indicators in different treatments.【Result】Precipitation and irrigation had obvious effects on soil water content changes. The soil volumetric water content increased greatly in each treatment after irrigation and after rain，and most of the soil volumetric water content remained at about 13.0% in other states. The water consumption in the seedling stage was dominated by evaporation. The daily water consumption of self-rooted seedlings and grafted seedlings was 0.60-1.94 mm；the daily water consumption of the spreading stage was 1.19-1.74 mm. The water consumption during the flowering and fruit sitting period increased greatly, and the daily water consumption reached the peak, which was 4.34-8.57 mm. The daily water consumption in the puffed melon stage gradually decreased to 2.95-3.77 mm；the daily water consumption in the watermelon mature stage was the smallest，0.95-1.59 mm. The water consumption of grafted watermelon seedlings was higher than that of self-rooted seedlings except for the seedling stage. The yield of grafted watermelon seedlings was higher than that of self-rooted seedlings. The yields of grafted watermelon seedlings of varieties R-18 and N-08 were higher，which were 43766.61 and 41745.13 kg/ha，respectively. But in terms of watermelon quality indicators，self-rooted seedlings were obviously better than grafted seedlings. Among all treatments，the peel of N-08 grafted seedlings was the thinnest，only 8.33 mm. The results of correlation analysis showed that under the same water and fertilizer conditions，watermelon yield was extremely significantly correlated with seedling-raising methods and crop water consumption（P<0.01），and there was a significant negative correlation between total acid content and varieties，and between vitamin C content and crop water consumption （P<0.05）.【Conclusion】The yield and quality of the four newly introduced watermelon varieties planted in the sandy land are closely related to water consumption and seedling raising methods. N-08 grafted seedlings has excellent performance and can be planted in the arid zone of central Ningxia. |
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