| 化肥减量配施炭基肥对烤烟产质量及土壤酶活性的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 张金峰,谭小兵,吕世保,合云宇,李云川,施定国,王戈,白羽祥.化肥减量配施炭基肥对烤烟产质量及土壤酶活性的影响[J].南方农业学报,2022,53(11):3079-3087. |
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| 作者姓名： | 张金峰 谭小兵 吕世保 合云宇 李云川 施定国 王戈 白羽祥 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 云南农业大学烟草学院, 云南昆明 650201;2. 云南省烟草公司保山市公司昌宁县分公司, 云南保山 678100;3. 云南省烟草公司曲靖市公司, 云南曲靖 655000;4. 云南省烟草公司昆明市公司, 云南昆明 650051 |
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| 基金项目： | 云南省烟草公司科技计划项目(云烟科[2019]94号)国家自然科学基金项目(31860357,32160517) |
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| 摘 要： | 【目的】探究不同化肥与生物质炭基肥配比对烤烟产质量及土壤酶活性的影响,以期明确化肥最佳减施量及生物质炭基肥施用量,为化肥减量配施生物质炭基肥的推广应用提供理论依据和技术支撑。【方法】以烤烟品种K326为试验材料,设4个化肥与生物质炭基肥配比处理对照(CK):100%化肥;T1:80%化肥+20%生物质炭基肥;T2:60%化肥+40%生物质炭基肥;T3:40%化肥+60%生物质炭基肥],于移栽后30、60和90 d,分别测定不同处理烤烟的农艺性状和SPAD值,烘烤结束后调查各处理烤烟的外观质量和经济性状,测定分析主要化学成分及其协调性,同时收集根际土壤测定土壤酶活性。【结果】与CK相比,在生长前期生物质炭基肥处理对烤烟生长影响较小,生长中后期其促进作用逐渐凸显;除有效叶片数外,T1处理的各项农艺性状指标整体最优,有效叶片数以T3处理最多,在移栽后90 d较CK高10.20%;随着炭基肥配比的增加,SPAD值、外观质量、经济性状、化学成分协调性整体呈先升高后降低的变化趋势,以T2处理最优(SPAD值较CK高4.04%,外观质量总分较CK高2.65%,产量、均价、产值、中上等烟比例分别较CK高1.82%、5.50%、7.43%、0.88%,烟叶化学成分总分较CK高9.45%),T3处理不利于烤烟产质量的形成;土壤脲酶和过氧化氢酶活性分别以T3处理(0.612 mg/g)和CK(7.384 mL/g)最高,蔗糖酶和酸性磷酸酶活性均以T2处理最高,分别较CK高7.01%和5.34%。【结论】化肥减量配施炭基肥可显著促进中后期烤烟生长,同时具有显著的改土作用,其中以60%化肥+40%生物质炭基肥处理效果最优,而过高的炭基肥用量则有抑制烤烟生长和降低土壤质量的风险。
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| 关 键 词： | 化肥减量 炭基肥 烤烟 产质量 土壤酶活性 |
| 收稿时间： | 2022-06-09 |
Effects of chemical fertilizer reduction combined with biochars-based fertilizers on yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco and soil enzyme activity |
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| ZHANG Jin-feng,TAN Xiao-bing,LYU Shi-bao,HE Yun-yu,LI Yun-chuan,SHI Ding-guo,WANG Ge,BAI Yu-xiang.Effects of chemical fertilizer reduction combined with biochars-based fertilizers on yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco and soil enzyme activity[J].Journal of Southern Agriculture,2022,53(11):3079-3087. |
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| Authors: | ZHANG Jin-feng TAN Xiao-bing LYU Shi-bao HE Yun-yu LI Yun-chuan SHI Ding-guo WANG Ge BAI Yu-xiang |
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| Affiliation: | 1. College of Tobacco Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China;2. Changning Branch of Baoshan Tobacco Company of Yunnan Provincial Tobacco Company, Baoshan, Yunnan 678100, China;3. Qujing Tobacco Company of Yunnan Provincial Tobacco Company, Qujing, Yunnan 655000, China;4. Kunming Tobacco Company of Yunnan Provincial Tobacco Company, Kunming, Yunnan 650051, China |
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| Abstract: | 【Objective】To study the effects of different ratios of chemical fertilizer and biochars-based fertilizers on the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco and soil enzyme activity,in order to clarify the optimal reduced application amount of chemical fertilizer and the application amount of biochars-based fertilizers,and provide some theoretical basis and technical support for the popularization and application of reduced application of chemical fertilizer and biochars-based fertilizers.【Method】Tobacco variety K326 was taken as the test material,four treatments of chemical fertilizer and biochars-based fertilizers were set upcontrol(CK) :100% chemical fertilizer;T1:80% chemical fertilizer+20% biochars-based fertilizers;T2:60% chemical fertilizer+40% biochars-based fertilizers;T3:40% chemical fertilizer+60% biochars-based fertilizers]. The agronomic traits and SPAD value of flue-cured tobacco under different treatments were measured at 30,60 and 90 d after transplanting. After curing,the appearance quality and economic properties of flue-cured tobacco in each treatment were investigated,the main chemical components and their coordination were determined and analyzed,and the rhizosphere soil was collected to determine the soil enzyme activity.【Result】Compared with the CK,the treatment of biochars-based fertilizers had less effect on the growth of flue-cured tobacco in the early growth stage,but its promoting effect was gradually highlighted in the middle and late growth stage. Except the number of effective leaves,the agronomic traits of T1 treatment were the best as a whole,and the number of effective leaves was the most in T3 treatment,which was 10.20% higher than CK at 90 d after transplanting. With the increase of biochars-based fertilizers ratio,SPAD value,appearance quality,economic traits and chemical components increased first and then decreased,and T2 treatment was the best(SPAD value was 4.04% higher than CK,the total score of appearance quality was 2.65% higher than CK,the yield,average price,output value and the proportion of medium and top grade tobacco were 1.82%,5.50%,7.43% and 0.88% higher than CK respectively,and the total score of chemical components of flue-cured tobacco was 9.45% higher than CK),T3 treatment was not conducive to the formation of yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco;the activities of soil urease and catalase were the highest in T3(0.612 mg/g) and CK(7.384 mL/g) treatment,and the activities of sucrase and acid phosphatase were the highest in T2 treatment,7.01% and 5.34% higher than CK treatment,respectively.【Conclusion】The reduction of chemical fertilizer combined with biochars-based fertilizer can significantly promote the growth of flue-cured tobacco in the middle and late growth stages,and has a significant effect on soil improvement.Among them,the treatment effect of 60% chemical fertilizer+40% biochars-based fertilizer is the best,while the excessive amount of biochars-based fertilizer has the risk of inhibiting the growth of flue-cured tobacco and reducing soil quality. |
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