| 喷施有机酸和叶面肥对采收期火龙果果实品质的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 叶霞,刘潇,高敏,杨秀群,赵治兵,谢国芳.喷施有机酸和叶面肥对采收期火龙果果实品质的影响[J].南方农业学报,2022,53(5):1296-1304. |
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| 作者姓名： | 叶霞 刘潇 高敏 杨秀群 赵治兵 谢国芳 |
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| 作者单位： | 1 贵州省果品加工工程技术研究中心, 贵州贵阳 550005;2 贵阳学院食品与制药工程学院, 贵州贵阳 550005;3 贵阳学院教学设备与实验管理中心, 贵州贵阳 550005 |
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| 基金项目： | 贵州省科技支撑计划项目（黔科合支撑〔2019〕2323）；贵州省教育厅自然科学研究项目（黔教合KY字〔2019〕066） |
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| 摘 要： | 【目的】探明喷施有机酸和叶面肥对火龙果品质的影响，为其在实际生产中应用提供参考依据。【方法】以火龙果为试材，分别在开花授粉后3、13和25 d时对果实和枝条喷施有机酸（乳酸、草酸、柠檬酸）和叶面肥（锌、硼、乳酸钙、糖醇螯合钙、复合钙肥），以喷施清水为对照（CK），分析各处理果实采收期的理化特性、食用特性、营养成分及抗氧化能力等品质性状，并通过主成分分析进行综合评价。【结果】喷施锌和糖醇螯合钙均显著降低火龙果裂果率（P<0.05，下同），增加果肉甜菜色苷、总酚和总黄酮含量，增强果实总还原力、Fe3+还原抗氧化能力（FRAP）和ABTS自由基清除能力，并明显提高果实单果重和果形指数；其中，糖醇螯合钙处理的火龙果裂果率较CK降低76.56%、总还原能力较CK提高53.03%，锌处理火龙果的总黄酮、总还原能力和ABTS自由基清除能力分别较CK提高40.49%、49.54%和42.21%。此外，喷施锌可显著降低果实可滴定酸含量，提高糖酸比、DPPH自由基清除能力等；喷施糖醇螯合钙显著提高柠檬酸含量，增加果肉果胶含量。喷施乳酸可显著降低火龙果裂果率和可滴定酸含量，同时，显著增大糖酸比、提高DPPH自由基清除能力。喷施复合钙肥能提高火龙果单果重、果形指数、感官评分、还原糖含量、糖酸比和总黄酮含量，显著增加火龙果果皮相对厚度、奎宁酸、酒石酸和柠檬酸含量，以及增强果实FRAP和ABTS自由基清除能力。通过主成分分析发现，复合钙肥处理的火龙果综合评分最高。【结论】喷施有机酸和叶面肥对火龙果品质的作用存在差异，综合评价复合钙肥处理的效果最佳，锌、糖醇螯合钙、乳酸次之。在生产实践中，可考虑将复合钙肥与其他叶面肥混合使用，效果可能更佳。
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| 关 键 词： | 火龙果 有机酸 叶面肥 采前喷施 品质 |
| 收稿时间： | 2021-06-25 |
Effects of spraying organic acid and foliar fertilizer on fruit quality of pitaya at harvesting period |
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| YE Xia,LIU Xiao,GAO Min,YANG Xiu-qun,ZHAO Zhi-bing,XIE Guo-fang.Effects of spraying organic acid and foliar fertilizer on fruit quality of pitaya at harvesting period[J].Journal of Southern Agriculture,2022,53(5):1296-1304. |
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| Authors: | YE Xia LIU Xiao GAO Min YANG Xiu-qun ZHAO Zhi-bing XIE Guo-fang |
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| Affiliation: | 1 Guizhou Engineering Research Center for Fruit Processing, Guiyang, Guizhou 550005, China;2 Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering Institute, Guiyang University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550005, China;3 Teaching Equipment and Laboratory Management Center, Guiyang University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550005, China |
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| Abstract: | 【Objective】To explore effects of spraying organic acid and foliar fertilizer on the quality of pitaya，so as to provide reference for its application in actual production.【Method】The pitaya was used as the test material，organic acids （lactic acid，oxalic acid and citric acid），foliar fertilizers solutions（zinc，boron，calcium lactate，sugar alcohol chelated calcium and compound calcium fertilizer）were sprayed on the fruits and branches on the 3rd，13th and 25th days after flowering and pollination，respectively，with spray water as the control（CK）to analyze its quality traits such as physical and chemical characteristics，edible characteristics，nutritional components and antioxidant capacity during the harvesting period.【Result】The results indicated that spraying zinc and sugar alcohol chelated calcium could significantly reduce the fruit cracking rate（P<0.05，the same below），increase the content of beet anthocyanins，total phenols and total flavonoids in pulp，enhance the total reducing power，ferric ion reducing antioxidant power（FRAP）and ABTS free radical scavenging capacity，and obviously improve the single fruit weight and fruit shape index. And the fruit cracking rate of pitaya treated with sugar alcohol chelated calcium decreased by 76.56%，the total reducing ability increased by 53.03% compared with CK，while the total flavonoids，total reducing ability and ABTS free radical scavenging ability of pitaya treated with zinc increased by 40.49%，49.54% and 42.21% respectively compared with CK. Spraying zinc also significantly reduced the titratable acid content of fruit，increased the sugar-acid ratio and DPPH radical scavenging ability. Spraying sugar alcohol chelated calcium could significantly increase citric acid content，increased the pectin content in pulp. Spraying lactic acid could significantly reduce fruit cracking rate and titratable acid content，and significantly increase sugar-acid ratio and DPPH radical scavenging ability. Spraying compound calcium fertilizer can increase fruit weight，fruit shape index，sensory score，reducing sugar content，sugar-acid ratio，total flavone content，significantly increase peel relative thickness，quinic acid，tartaric acid and citric acid content，and enhance the scavenging ability of FRAP and ABTS free radicals. Through principal component analysis，it was found that the comprehensive score of pitayas treated with compound calcium fertilizer was the highest.【Conclusion】The effects of spraying organic acid and foliar fertilizer on the quality of pitaya fruit are different. Comprehensive evaluation showed that compound calcium fertilizer was the best treatment，followed by zinc，sugar alcohol chelated calcium and lactic acid. In production practice，the compound calcium fertilizer can be considered to be mixed with other foliar fertilizers，and the effect is probably better. |
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