| 外源油菜素内酯对美乐葡萄光合特性和果实品质的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 乔子纯,贺琰,代红军,梁新华.外源油菜素内酯对美乐葡萄光合特性和果实品质的影响[J].南方农业学报,2022,53(8):2251-2260. |
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| 作者姓名： | 乔子纯 贺琰 代红军 梁新华 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 宁夏大学农学院, 宁夏银川 750021;2. 宁夏大学生命科学学院, 宁夏银川 750021 |
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| 基金项目： | 宁夏自然科学基金项目（2020AAC03088） |
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| 摘 要： | 【目的】探究2,4-表油菜素内酯 （EBR）对葡萄光合特性和果实品质的影响，为提高葡萄光合效率和改善果实品质，以及油菜素内酯类化合物在酿酒葡萄上的应用提供理论依据。【方法】以酿酒葡萄美乐为试材，喷施不同浓度（0.2、 0.4和0.6 mg/L） EBR，以喷施清水为对照，研究EBR对葡萄光合特性和果实品质的影响。【结果】各EBR处理在葡萄的果实膨大期、转色期和成熟期均可提高蒸腾速率和气孔导度，其中0.4 mg/L EBR提高效果较好，在果实膨大期蒸腾速率和气孔导度的平均值分别较对照提高69.59%和20.87%； 0.2和0.4 mg/L EBR均可提高净光合速率，在果实膨大期，二者的净光合速率平均值较对照分别提高24.05%和18.38%，而0.6 mg/L EBR降低3.56%；在花后40 d， 0.2和0.4 mg/L EBR处理均显著提高RuBP羧化/加氧酶 （Rubisco）活性 （P<0.05，下同），较对照分别提高21.74%和31.30%，而0.6 mg/L EBR处理降低36.90%，抑制Rubisco活性； 0.4 mg/L EBR对净光合速率与各个光合色素相关性的提高效果较好，其中，净光合速率与叶绿素a、叶绿素b和叶绿素ab含量呈显著相关，与类胡萝卜素含量呈极显著相关 （P<0.01）；在成熟期， 0.2 mg/L EBR处理对促进可溶性总糖和还原糖的积累效果较好，含量分别达203.32和170.37 mg/g，各处理均可显著降低可滴定酸、单宁和总酚含量，其中0.4 mg/L EBR处理对单宁和总酚的降低效果较好，含量分别达7.59和5.26 mg/g，各EBR处理可促使果实提前完成转色。【结论】 0.6 mg/L EBR在处理前期会通过降低Rubisco活性和光合色素含量影响净光合速率， 0.4 mg/L EBR通过提高净光合速率、 Rubisco活性和光合色素提高植株光合作用，从而提高美乐葡萄果实品质。
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| 关 键 词： | 2 4-表油菜素内酯(EBR) 美乐葡萄 生理特性 果实品质 |
| 收稿时间： | 2021-09-12 |
Effects of exogenous brassinolide on photosynthetic characteristics and fruit quality of Merlot grape |
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| QIAO Zi-chun,HE Yan,DAI Hong-jun,LIANG Xin-hua.Effects of exogenous brassinolide on photosynthetic characteristics and fruit quality of Merlot grape[J].Journal of Southern Agriculture,2022,53(8):2251-2260. |
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| Authors: | QIAO Zi-chun HE Yan DAI Hong-jun LIANG Xin-hua |
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| Affiliation: | 1. College of Agronomy, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China;2. College of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China |
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| Abstract: | 【Objective】 To study effects of 2,4-epibrassinolide （EBR）on photosynthetic characteristics and fruit quality of grapes，so as to provide theoretical reference for improving grape photosynthetic efficiency and fruit quality and application of brassinolide compounds on wine grape.【Method】 Merlot wine grapes were taken as test material，spraying different concentrations of EBR（0.2，0.4 and 0.6 mg/L）and the grapes sprayed with water were taken as CK to study effects of EBR on photosynthesis and fruit quality of the grapes.【Result】 The results showed that every EBR treatment raise transpiration rate and stomatal conductance in fruit expansion stage，color-changing stage and maturing stage.Among them，0.4 mg/L EBR had better effect and during fruit expansion stage，it increased average value of transpiration rate and stomatal conductance by 69.59% and 20.87%，respectively compared with the control.Both 0.2 and 0.4 mg/L EBR could increase net photosynthetic rate and in fruit expansion stage，the average net photosynthetic rate of 0.2 and 0.4 mg/L EBR treatments increased by 24.05% and 18.38%，respectively，but that of 0.6 mg/L EBR group decreased by 3.56%.At 40 d after flowering，0.2 and 0.4 mg/L EBR treatments significantly increased Rubisco enzyme activity（P<0.05，the same below），which increased by 21.74% and 31.30% compared to CK.However，0.6 mg/L EBR treatment inhibited Rubisco enzyme activity which decreased by 36.90%.0.4 mg/L EBR had a good effect on improving the correlation between net photosynthetic rate and various photosynthetic pigments，and net photosynthetic rate was significantly correlated with the content of chlorophyll a，chlorophyll b and chlorophyll ab，and net photosynthetic rate was extremely significantly correlated with carotenoid content（P<0.01）.In the maturing stage，0.2 mg/L EBR treatment could promote the accumulation of soluble total sugar and reducing sugar，reaching 203.32 and 170.37 mg/g respectively.All treatments could significantly reduce the content of titratable acid，tannins and total phenols.Among them，0.4 mg/L EBR treatment could reduce the content of tannins and total phenols，reaching 7.59 and 5.26 mg/g respectively.All treatments could promote the fruit to complete color change in advance.【Conclusion】 0.6 mg/L EBR affects photosynthetic rate by reducing Rubisco enzyme activity and photosynthetic pigment content in the early stage of treatment.0.4 mg/L EBR improves plant photosynthesis and Merlot grape fruit quality by increasing photosynthetic rate，Rubisco enzyme activity and photosynthetic pigment content. |
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