| 三斑海马早期发育观察 |
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| 引用本文： | 周胜杰,胡静,杨蕊,杨其彬,马振华.三斑海马早期发育观察[J].南方农业学报,2021,52(8):2302-2310. |
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| 作者姓名： | 周胜杰 胡静 杨蕊 杨其彬 马振华 |
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| 作者单位： | 1 中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所热带水产研究开发中心, 海南三亚 572000;2 农业农村部南海渔业资源开发利用重点实验室, 广州 510300;3 三亚热带水产研究院, 海南三亚 572000 |
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| 基金项目： | 海南省自然科学基金青年基金项目（319QN340）；广西创新驱动发展专项（桂科AA18242031）；中国水产科学研究院基本科研业务费专项（2020TD55） |
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| 摘 要： | 【目的】明确三斑海马早期发育阶段各主要器官形态指标的异速生长现象，丰富三斑海马发育的基础生物学数据，同时为完善我国三斑海马人工育苗技术提供参考依据。【方法】以0~28日龄三斑海马为研究对象，运用光学显微镜结合个体生态学的方法进行早期发育观察，并测量各主要器官形态性状，构建异速生长模型。【结果】三斑海马与大多数鱼类形态差异明显，游泳器官为胸鳍、背鳍和臀鳍，无腹鳍和尾鳍；尾部延长，具有较强攀附功能；体表及头部具有突出的棘；吻延长，其长度约占头长的50%。三斑海马全长与日龄的关系方程为y=0.9869x+7.9538（R2=0.9860）。在0~28日龄发育阶段，三斑海马的尾长（异速生长指数1.1472）呈正异速生长，吻长（异速生长指数0.9568）呈等速生长，头长（异速生长指数0.8801）、眼径（异速生长指数0.7629）、头高（异速生长指数0.8836）、口径（45°的异速生长指数0.6803，90°的异速生长指数0.6252）、躯干长（异速生长指数0.8787）、体高（异速生长指数0.8914）、尾柄高（异速生长指数0.9428）、背鳍长（异速生长指数0.8483）及臀鳍长（异速生长指数0.6923）均呈负异速生长；头冠长和胸鳍长出现拐点，其中，头冠长的生长拐点依次为8日龄和12日龄，胸鳍长的生长拐点依次为16日龄和24日龄。【结论】三斑海马吻长等速生长保证其摄食口径和捕食能力，尾长正异速生长提供强大的攀附能力，头冠的生长速度变化在特定阶段为其提供保护，而特定阶段的胸鳍快速发育可有效提高其捕食能力。三斑海马早期生长发育过程中存在异速生长现象，主要优先发育攀附功能器官，其次是摄食器官。
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| 关 键 词： | 三斑海马 早期发育 异速生长 形态性状 功能器官 全长 |
| 收稿时间： | 2020-12-22 |
Early developmental research of Hippocampus trimaculatus |
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| ZHOU Sheng-jie,HU Jing,YANG Rui,YANG Qi-bin,MA Zhen-hua.Early developmental research of Hippocampus trimaculatus[J].Journal of Southern Agriculture,2021,52(8):2302-2310. |
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| Authors: | ZHOU Sheng-jie HU Jing YANG Rui YANG Qi-bin MA Zhen-hua |
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| Affiliation: | 1 Tropical Fisheries Research and Development Center, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Sanya, Hainan 572000, China;2 Key Lab of South China Sea Fishery Resource Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510300, China;3 Sanya Tropical Fisheries Research Institute, Sanya, Hainan 572000, China |
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| Abstract: | 【Objective】 In order to explore the allometric growth of the main organs of Hippocampus trimaculatus in the early developmental stage, enrich the basic biological data of the development of H. trimaculatus, and provide a reference for the construction of the artificial breeding technology of H. trimaculatus in China.【Method】 H. trimaculatus samples were collected from 0-28 days old. Used optical microscopy and experimental ecology to observe early development and measured the morphological characteristics of its main organs to construct an allometric growth model.【Result】 H. trimaculatus had obvious morphological differences from most fishes. The swimming organs were pectoral, dorsal and anal fins, without pelvic and caudal fins; the tail was elongated and had a strong clinging function; the body surface and head had prominent spines; the snout was elongated, its length accounted for about 50% of the head length. The relationship between the total length of H. trimaculatus and the age was y=0.9869x+7.9538(R2=0.9860). At the age of 0-28 days, the tail length(allometric growth index 1.1472) of H. trimaculatus showed positive allometric growth, the snout length (allometric growth index 0.9568) showed constant growth, and the head length(allometric growth index 0.8801), eye diameter(allometric growth index 0.7629), head height(allometric growth index 0.8836), caliber(45° allometric growth index 0.6803, 90° allometric growth index 0.6252), body length(allometric growth index 0.8787), body height(allometric growth index 0.8914), tail stalk height(allometric growth index 0.9428), dorsal fin length(allometric growth index 0.8483) and anal fin length(allometric growth index 0.6923) all showed negative allometric growth. There were inflection points for the head crown length and length of the pectoral fins, and the growth inflection points of the crown length were8 and 12 days in sequence, and the growth inflection points of the pectoral fin length were 16 days and 24 days in sequence.【Conclusion】 H. trimaculatus grows at an isokinetic snout to ensure its feeding caliber and predation ability. The positive allometric growth of the tail provides a strong clinging ability. The growth rate of the crown at different stages provides protection for it at certain stages. The rapid development of pectoral fins can effectively improve its predation ability. That is to say, there is allometric growth in the early growth and development of H. trimaculatus, and the main priority is the development of the climbing functional organs, followed by the feeding organs. |
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