| 绿狐尾藻、凤眼莲和大薸在罗非鱼混养池塘中的应用效果分析 |
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| 引用本文： | 杨卓,李文红,陈日钊,程光平,张紫英,陈祯东,徐紫娟.绿狐尾藻、凤眼莲和大薸在罗非鱼混养池塘中的应用效果分析[J].南方农业学报,2021,52(2):491-500. |
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| 作者姓名： | 杨卓 李文红 陈日钊 程光平 张紫英 陈祯东 徐紫娟 |
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| 作者单位： | 广西大学动物科学技术学院/广西高校水生生物健康养殖与营养调控重点实验室, 南宁 530004 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家现代农业产业技术体系广西罗非鱼创新团队建设专项（nycytxgxcxtd-08-03）；广西科技创新驱动专项（桂科AA17204095-2） |
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| 摘 要： | 【目的】通过比较3种水生植物在罗非鱼（GIFT Oreochromis niloticus）混养池塘中的应用效果，探讨绿狐尾藻（Myriophyllum elatinoides）在池塘养殖尾水处理中的应用前景，为建立罗非鱼池塘综合养殖模式提供科学依据。【方法】在主养罗非鱼、混养鲢鱼（Hypophthalmichthys molitrix）和鳙鱼（Aristichthys nobilis）的池塘中，分别设置占池塘面积10%的绿狐尾藻、凤眼莲（Eichhornia crassipes）和大薸（Pistia stratiotes）3个浮床处理组及无植物对照组。试验初期和末期分别测定鱼类重量、植物体重量和氮磷含量，试验期内每月监测试验水体的总氮（TN）、总磷（TP）、高锰酸盐指数（CODMn）及五日生化需氧量（BOD5），计算池塘中植株生长及氮磷移出量、鱼单位净产量、水体氮磷含量及氮磷比（N/P），以及水体TN、TP、CODMn与BOD5排放达标率和排污量，对比分析3种植物的应用效果。【结果】试验末期绿狐尾藻、凤眼莲和大薸净增生物量分别为1076.4、2278.4和3545.1 kg，单位面积氮磷移出量分别为0.37、0.23和0.35 kg；对应的池塘鱼单位净产量分别为14497.5、12857.5和11274.7 kg/ha。试验期内TN和TP变化范围分别为0.53～2.21和0.108～0.279 mg/L，3个植物浮床组水体N/P值介于4.41～12.11，适合3种试验植物生长；凤眼莲和大薸生长迅速但后期植株出现发黄腐烂现象，后期绿狐尾藻生长优于凤眼莲和大薸。绿狐尾藻、凤眼莲和大薸3个植物浮床组水体营养物质TN、TP、CODMn和BOD5均达到淡水池塘养殖尾水二级排放标准，水体排污量分别为221.32、229.62和229.24 kg/ha。绿狐尾藻组池塘单位面积鱼净产量及植株氮磷移出量最高，水体排污量最小，大薸组居中，凤眼莲组较差。【结论】绿狐尾藻能在池塘环境中漂浮生长且生产和生态效果俱佳，可替代凤眼莲和大薸用于淡水鱼池塘综合养殖模式构建和养殖尾水处理。
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| 关 键 词： | 绿狐尾藻 罗非鱼池塘 氮磷移出量 排污量 单位净产量 |
| 收稿时间： | 2020-06-10 |
Application effects of Myriophyllum elatinoides, Pistia stratiotes and Eichhornia crassipes in tilapia mixed culture pond |
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| YANG Zhuo,LI Wen-hong,CHEN Ri-zhao,CHENG Guang-ping,ZHANG Zi-ying,CHEN Zhen-dong,XU Zi-juan.Application effects of Myriophyllum elatinoides, Pistia stratiotes and Eichhornia crassipes in tilapia mixed culture pond[J].Journal of Southern Agriculture,2021,52(2):491-500. |
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| Authors: | YANG Zhuo LI Wen-hong CHEN Ri-zhao CHENG Guang-ping ZHANG Zi-ying CHEN Zhen-dong XU Zi-juan |
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| Affiliation: | College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University/Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Aquatic Healthy Breeding and Nutrition Regulation, Nanning 530004, China |
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| Abstract: | 【Objective】Through the analysis and comparison of the application effect of three aquatic plants in the mixed culture pond of tilapia(GIFT Oreochromis niloticus), the application prospect of Myriophyllum elatinoides in the tail water treatment of pond culture was discussed, which provided scientific basis for the establishment of comprehensive culture mode of tilapia pond.【Method】Three floating bed treatment groups, M.elatinoides, water hyacinth(Eichhornia crassipes), water lettuce(Pistia stratiotes), which accounted for 10% of the pond area, and no plant control group, were set up in the ponds of tilapia, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix and Aristichthys nobilis.Fish weight, plant weight and nitrogen and phosphorus content were measured at the beginning and end of the experiment.During the experiment period, the total nitrogen(TN), total phosphorus(TP), permanganate index(CODMn) and five-day biochemical oxygen demand(BOD5) of aquaculture water were monitored every month, and the plant growth and the removal amount of nitrogen and phosphorus from plants, the net fish production, the nitrogen and phosphorus content and ratio of nitrogen and phosphorus(N/P), the discharge rate of water TN, TP, CODMn and BOD5, and the discharge amount were calculated.The application effects of three plants were compared and analyzed.【Result】At the end of the experiment, the net biomass of M.elatinoides, water hyacinth and water lettuce were 1076.4, 2278.4 and 3545.1 kg, respectively, the nitrogen and phosphorus removal per unit area were 0.37, 0.23 and 0.35 kg, the fish yield of the corresponding ponds were 14497.5, 12857.5 and 11274.7 kg/ha.TN and TP varied from 0.53 to 2.21 mg/L and 0.108 to 0.279 mg/L respectively, and N/P in three plant floating bed treatments was between 4.41 and 12.11, which were suitable for the growth of three experimental plants.The growth of water hyacinth and water lettuce was rapid, but the plants appeared yellow and rotten in the later period.The growth of M.elatinoides was better than that of water lettuce and water hyacinth.The results showed that TN, TP, CODMn and BOD5 in the three plant treatment groups of M.elatinoides, water hyacinth and water lettuce all met the secondary discharge standard of freshwater pond aquaculture tail water, and the discharge amounts were 221.32, 229.62 and 229.24 kg/ha, respectively.The fish yield and the nitrogen and phosphorus removal per unit area of M.elatinoides pond was the highest, and the water pollution discharge was the smallest;the water lettuce group was in the middle, while the water hyacinth group was poor.【Conclusion】The M.elatinoides can grow floating in a pond environment, and with fine productivity and ecology.It can be used instead of water lettuce and water hyacinth for the construction of comprehensive culture model and tail water treatment of freshwater fish in ponds. |
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