| 贵州春玉米机械粒收适宜品种筛选及影响因素研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 陈杜,杨锦越,罗英舰,卢平,郑迎霞,魏鹏程,叶开梅,宋碧,张军.贵州春玉米机械粒收适宜品种筛选及影响因素研究[J].南方农业学报,2021,52(4):959-966. |
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| 作者姓名： | 陈杜 杨锦越 罗英舰 卢平 郑迎霞 魏鹏程 叶开梅 宋碧 张军 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 贵州大学农学院, 贵阳 550025;2. 贵州省农业科学院, 贵阳 550025;3. 遵义市农业科学研究院, 贵州遵义 563100;4. 安顺市农业科学研究院, 贵州安顺 561000 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家重点研发计划项目（2016YFD0300307）；公益性行业（农业）科研专项（201503127）；贵州省特色粮油作物栽培与生理生态研究科技创新人才团队项目（黔科合平台人才〔2019〕5613号）；贵州省生物学一流学科建设项目（GNYL〔2017〕009） |
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| 摘 要： | 【目的】筛选适宜贵州机械粒收的春玉米品种，并明确玉米机械粒收现状及存在的主要问题，为贵州春玉米机械粒收技术的推广提供理论与技术支撑。【方法】以32个玉米品种为研究材料，采用随机区组设计，于2017—2019年在贵州遵义和安顺进行玉米适宜机械粒收的品种筛选试验，收获时测定籽粒含水率、破碎率、杂质率、损失率和产量等指标，利用相关分析和双向平均作图法进行宜机收玉米品种筛选。【结果】贵州春玉米机收时籽粒含水率、破碎率、杂质率和总损失率均值分别为30.45%、11.71%、1.79%和12.58%，产量均值为8251.49 kg/ha，且品种间差异明显。当前贵州春玉米机械粒收存在收获时籽粒含水率高、破碎率高、损失率大的问题。相关分析结果表明，籽粒含水率偏高是引起机械粒收破碎率偏高的主要原因，通过降低收获时籽粒含水率可降低破碎率、杂质率和损失率，提高机收质量。以籽粒含水率和产量为指标进行筛选，其中11个品种收获时籽粒含水率较低、产量高，比较适宜机械粒收；进一步以籽粒破碎率与总损失率进行筛选，结果表明先玉1171、新中玉801和兴玉3号具有收获时籽粒含水率低、破碎率低、产量高和总损失率低的特点，适宜机械粒收。选择生育期稍短的品种，同时适当推迟收获期，可有效降低收获时籽粒含水率，提高机收质量。【结论】籽粒破碎率高和总损失率大是贵州春玉米机械粒收存在的主要质量问题，籽粒含水率高是导致机收质量差的主要原因，适当延迟收获时间可降低收获时籽粒含水率，提高机收质量。筛选出先玉1171、新中玉801和兴玉3号可作为贵州春玉米适宜机械粒收品种。
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| 关 键 词： | 春玉米 机械粒收 籽粒含水率 破碎率 总损失率 品种筛选 |
| 收稿时间： | 2020-08-19 |
Selection and influencing factors of spring maize varieties suitable for mechanical harvesting in Guizhou |
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| CHEN Du,YANG Jin-yue,LUO Ying-jian,LU Ping,ZHENG Ying-xia,WEI Peng-cheng,YE Kai-mei,SONG Bi,ZHANG Jun.Selection and influencing factors of spring maize varieties suitable for mechanical harvesting in Guizhou[J].Journal of Southern Agriculture,2021,52(4):959-966. |
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| Authors: | CHEN Du YANG Jin-yue LUO Ying-jian LU Ping ZHENG Ying-xia WEI Peng-cheng YE Kai-mei SONG Bi ZHANG Jun |
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| Affiliation: | 1. College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China;2. Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang 550025, China;3. Zunyi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zunyi, Guizhou 563100, China;4. Anshun Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anshun, Guizhou 561000, China |
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| Abstract: | 【Objective】In order to screen out maize varieties suitable for mechanical harvesting in Guizhou, and to clarify the status quo and main problems of mechanical granulation, provide theoretical and technical support for the promotion of mechanical harvesting technology of Guizhou spring maize.【Method】With 32 maize varieties as the research materials, random block design was adopted to carry out the selection test of maize varieties suitable for mechanical harvesting in Zunyi and Anshun, Guizhou from 2017 to 2019. Measured the kernel moisture content, broken rate, impurity rate, loss rate and yield at harvest, and used correlation analysis and two-way average mapping method to screen suitable corn varieties for machine harvesting.【Result】The average kernel moisture content, broken rate, impurity rate and loss rate of Guizhou spring maize were 30.45%, 11.71%, 1.79% and 12.58%, respectively, and the average yield was 8251.49 kg/ha, and there were differences among varieties. At present, there were some problems in the mechanical kernel harvest of spring maize in Guizhou, such as high moisture content, high broken rate and high loss rate. The correlation analysis showed that the high kernel moisture content was the main reason for the high mechanical kernel yield broken rate. By reducing the kernel moisture content at harvest time, the broken rate, impurity rate and loss rate could be reduced and the mechanical harvest yield quality could be improved. The kernel moisture content and yield were selected as the indexes. Among them, 11 varieties had low kernel moisture content and high yield, which were more suitable for mechanical harvesting. Using grain broken rate and total loss rate to screen, Xianyu 1171, Xinzhongyu 801, Xingyu 3 had the characteristics of low kernel moisture content, low broken rate, high yield and low total loss rate at harvest time, suitable for mechanical harvesting. Choosing varieties with short growth period and appropriately delaying the harvest period could effectively reduce the water content of kernels during harvest and improve the quality of mechanical harvest.【Conclusion】High kernel broken rate and high total loss rate are the main quality problems in Guizhou spring maize mechanical grain harvesting. High kernel moisture content is the main reason for poor mechanical harvest quality. Properly delaying the harvest can reduce the kernel moisture content during harvest and improve the mechanical harvest. quality. Xianyu 1171, Xinzhongyu 801 and Xingyu 3 are recommended as suitable varieties for mechanical grain harvesting of spring maize in Guizhou. |
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