| 有机肥施用量和干旱时期对番茄产量及品质的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 王光梅,胡兵辉.有机肥施用量和干旱时期对番茄产量及品质的影响[J].南方农业学报,2021,52(4):1040-1049. |
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| 作者姓名： | 王光梅 胡兵辉 |
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| 作者单位： | 西南林业大学生态与环境学院,昆明 650224 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金项目（32060345）；云南省教育厅科学研究基金项目（2019YO128，2020J0405）；云南省高校优势特色重点学科（生态学）建设资助项目（51400665） |
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| 摘 要： | 【目的】探索不同有机肥施用量和不同时期间歇性干旱对番茄生长、产量、水肥效果及品质的影响，为不同时期间歇性干旱条件下大棚盆栽番茄科学施用有机肥实现产量高及品质优提供理论依据。【方法】在大棚进行盆栽番茄试验，设有机肥施用量和间歇性干旱时期两因素，完全方案设计，共16个处理:有机肥施用量设不施肥（F0）、低肥（F1）、中肥（F2）、高肥（F3），分别为0、600、1200和1800 kg/ha；不同时期间歇性干旱处理设全生育期正常灌水（A0）、苗期干旱（A1）、花期干旱（A2）和果期干旱（A3）。【结果】有机肥施用量与间歇性干旱时期对番茄生长、产量、水肥效果及品质有显著影响（P<0.05）。正常灌水与中量、高量有机肥（A0F2和A0F3）处理使植株株高、茎粗、根干重、茎干重、叶干重、叶绿素含量及地上和地下部分鲜重较高，进而获得高生物产量及经济产量，但番茄果实品质较差，其中A0F2处理的经济产量最高，为67.76 t/ha；PFP随施肥量增加而减小，在A0F1处理中最大；不同时期间歇性干旱与低量施肥不利于植株生长发育，产量及水分利用效率（WUE）较低，在A1F2和A0F2处理中番茄WUE最高且二者间无显著差异（P>0.05）。不同时期间歇性干旱与中量有机肥处理提高番茄品质，A3F2处理番茄品质最优，维生素C、番茄红素、可溶性糖含量及糖酸比较高，分别为3.30 mg/kg、6.28 mg/100 g、22.42 mg/kg及13. 03；而A1F2处理获得较高产量。通过主成分分析综合评价得知A3F2及A1F2处理番茄产量较高、水肥效果及品质好。【结论】在番茄的种植中，应根据需求对有机肥施用量和间歇性干旱时期进行科学调控，干旱条件下，于苗期施用中肥可避免番茄徒长使产量较高，于果期施用中肥虽明显降低番茄产量但提高品质的效果最佳，且均可节肥及减少环境污染。
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| 关 键 词： | 番茄 有机肥 干旱 产量 品质 |
| 收稿时间： | 2020-12-19 |
Effects of organic fertilizer application rate and intermittent drought period on yield and quality of tomato |
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| WANG Guang-mei,HU Bing-hui.Effects of organic fertilizer application rate and intermittent drought period on yield and quality of tomato[J].Journal of Southern Agriculture,2021,52(4):1040-1049. |
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| Authors: | WANG Guang-mei HU Bing-hui |
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| Affiliation: | School of Ecology and Environment, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China |
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| Abstract: | 【Objective】To explore the effects of applying different amounts of organic fertilizer and intermittent drought in different periods on the growth, yield, water and fertilizer effect and quality of tomato, and to provide a theoretical basis for scientific application of organic fertilizer to potted tomato in greenhouse under different periods of intermittent drought conditions to achieve high yield and excellent quality.【Method】Potted tomato experiment was carried out in greenhouses, and 16 treatments were designed with two factors of organic fertilizer application amount and intermittent drought in different periods. The application amount of organic fertilizer was set as no fertilizer(F0), low fertilizer(F1), medium fertilizer(F2) and high fertilizer(F3), the application rateswere 0, 600, 1200 and 1800 kg/ha;for different periods of intermittent drought, normal irrigation at the whole growth stage(A0), drought at seedling stage(A1), drought at flowering stage(A2) and drought at fruit stage(A3) were set.【Result】The application amount of organic fertilizer and intermittent drought in different periods had significant effects on the growth, yield, water and fertilizer effect and quality of tomato(P<0.05). Normal irrigation and medium and high amounts of organic fertilizer(A0F2 and A0F3) resulted in higher plant height, stem diameter, root dry weight, stem dry weight, leaf dry weight, chlorophyll content, and fresh weight of above ground and underground parts, and thus higher biological yield and economic yield were obtained. However, tomato fruit quality was poor, among which A0F2 had the highest economic yield, 67.76 t/ha;PFP decreased with the increase of fertilizer application rate, and reached the maximum in A0F1. The intermittent drought and low amount of fertilization in different periods were not conducive to plant growth and development, and the yield and water use efficiency(WUE) of tomato were low. The highest WUE of tomato was in A1F2 and A0F2, and there was no significant difference between the two(P>0.05). The quality of tomato was improved by intermittent drought and medium organic fertilizer treatment at different periods. A3F2 treatment had the best quality, and the contents of vitamin C, lycopene, soluble sugar and sugar acid ratio were high, which were 3.30 mg/kg, 6.28 mg/100 g, 22.42 mg/kg and 13.03, respectively;A1F2 obtained higher yield. The principal component analysis and comprehensive evaluation showed that A3F2 and A1F2 treatments had higher yield, better water and fertilizer effect and better quality of tomato.【Conclusion】In tomato planting, organic fertilizer content and intermittent dry period should be regulated according to the requirements. Under drought stage, applying medium fertilizer at seedling stage can avoid excessive growth and make tomato yield high. Applying medium fertilizer at fruit stage decreases tomato yield but can improve the quality, and save fertilizers and reduce environmental pollution. |
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