| 农药在桑树上混合施用对家蚕原原种的安全性评价 |
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| 引用本文： | 杨继芬,谢道燕,廖鹏飞,刘位芬,杜伟,欧秀华,丁志伟,李玲利,杨文.农药在桑树上混合施用对家蚕原原种的安全性评价[J].南方农业学报,2021,52(1):245-252. |
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| 作者姓名： | 杨继芬 谢道燕 廖鹏飞 刘位芬 杜伟 欧秀华 丁志伟 李玲利 杨文 |
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| 作者单位： | 云南省农业科学院蚕桑蜜蜂研究所, 云南蒙自 661101 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项（CARS-18） |
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| 摘 要： | 【目的】评价乐果乳油、毒死蜱乳油和克螨特乳油3种农药在桑树上混合喷施对云南省常用品系家蚕原原种的安全性，为蚕区桑园害虫防治及科学用药提供参考依据。【方法】选用40%乐果乳油1500倍液、73%克螨特乳油2000倍液和40%毒死蜱乳油1500倍液，按1:1:1混配后喷施防治桑树害虫，分别采摘药后10和14 d桑叶饲育云蚕7A、云蚕7B、云蚕8A、云蚕8B、菁松A、菁松B、皓月A和皓月B等8个品系家蚕原原种，并调查其龄期发育经过、生命力成绩（结茧率和健蛹率）、茧质成绩（全茧量、茧层量和茧层率）及卵质成绩（单蛾良卵数、不良卵数和总产卵数）。【结果】3种农药混施未对桑树产生药害；以药后10和14 d采桑叶饲育家蚕，发现8个品系家蚕原原种的发育经过均未受影响，且无急性中毒死亡现象。饲育药后10 d桑叶对云蚕7A、云蚕7B和云蚕8B等3个品系家蚕原原种的生命力、茧质及卵质成绩影响较大；对云蚕8A的卵质成绩无影响，但其生命力和茧质成绩均受影响；对皓月A的生命力和茧质成绩有影响；对菁松A、菁松B和皓月B等3个品系家蚕原原种的茧质成绩有影响。饲育药后14 d桑叶对云蚕7A、云蚕7B、云蚕8A、云蚕8B、菁松A、菁松B和皓月B等7个品系家蚕原原种的生命力影响不明显，但对皓月A的生命力有一定影响；对8个品系家蚕原原种的茧层率影响不明显；除云蚕8B的单蛾良卵数和单蛾总产卵数较清水对照显著降低外（P< 0.05），对其他7个品系家蚕原原种的单蛾良卵数和单蛾总产卵数影响也不明显。【结论】8个品系家蚕原原种在取食药后10 d桑叶后其生命力、茧质及卵质成绩受到不同程度的影响，而取食药后14 d桑叶后除云蚕8A、云蚕8B和皓月A外，其他品系家蚕原原种的生命力、茧质及卵质成绩受影响不明显，表明云蚕7A、云蚕7B、菁松A、菁松B和皓月B等5个品系家蚕原原种在药后14 d采桑叶饲育安全。综合家蚕的生命力、茧质及卵质成绩，不同品系家蚕原原种对乐果乳油、毒死蜱乳油和克螨特乳油3种药剂混施的敏感性排序为云蚕7B>云蚕8B>皓月A>云蚕7A>云蚕8A>菁松B>皓月B>菁松A。
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| 关 键 词： | 家蚕原原种 农药混施 桑叶 安全性评价 生命力 茧质成绩 卵质成绩 |
| 收稿时间： | 2020-02-26 |
Safety evaluation of grandparent silkworm of F1 hybrid reared with mulberry sprayed with mixed pesticides |
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| YANG Ji-fen,XIE Dao-yan,LIAO Peng-fei,LIU Wei-fen,DU Wei,OU Xiu-hua,DING Zhi-wei,LI Ling-li,YANG Wen.Safety evaluation of grandparent silkworm of F1 hybrid reared with mulberry sprayed with mixed pesticides[J].Journal of Southern Agriculture,2021,52(1):245-252. |
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| Authors: | YANG Ji-fen XIE Dao-yan LIAO Peng-fei LIU Wei-fen DU Wei OU Xiu-hua DING Zhi-wei LI Ling-li YANG Wen |
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| Affiliation: | Sericulture and Apiculture Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Mengzi, Yunnan 661101, China |
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| Abstract: | 【Objective】Purposes of this study was to evaluate the safety of the mixed application of omethoate EC, chlorpyrifos EC and propargite EC on mulberry for the grandparent silkworm of F1 hybrid commonly used in Yunnan and provide reference for the pest control and scientific drug use in mulberry orchid in silkworm area.【Method】1500 times liquid of 40% Omethoate EC, 2000 times liquid of 73% Propargite EC, 1500 times liquid of 40% Chlorpyrifos EC mixed at 1:1:1 were sprayed on mulberry to prevent and control pests.Mulberry leaves picked on 10 and 14 d after pesticide application were used to feed eight species of grandparent silkworm of F1 hybrid commonly used in Yunnan(Yuncan 7A, Yuncan 7B, Yuncan 8A, Yuncan 8B, Jingsong A, Jingsong B, Haoyue A, Haoyue B).The instar development, vitality score(cocoon formation rate and healthy pupa rate), cocoon quality score(total cocoon weight, cocoon layer weight and cocoon layer ratio) and egg quality score(good eggs per moth, bad eggs and total eggs) of eight species were investigated.【Result】The results indicated that using a mixture of three pesticides on mulberry trees did not cause any harm to mulberry.The developmental process of eight strains reared with leaves picked on 10 and 14 d after pesticide application had no effect, and there were no acute poisoning deaths.Feeding silkworms with mulberry leaves picked on 10 d after pesticide application had a great influence on vitality, cocoon quality and egg quality of Yuncan 7A, Yuncan 7B and Yuncan 8B.There was no effect on the egg quality of Yuncan 8A, but there was effect on the vitality and cocoon quality, and there was effect on the vitality and cocoon quality of Haoyue A.It had influence on the cocoon quality of Jingsong A, Jingsong B and Hao-yue B.Feeding silkworms with mulberry leaves picked on 14 d after pesticide application had an effect on the vitality of Haoyue A, but not obvious effect on the other seven strains.There was no obvious effect on cocoon layer ratio of the eight strains.The number of good eggs and total eggs laid by a single moth of Yuncan 8B were significantly lower than that of the clear water control(P< 0.05), while those of other seven strains were not obviously influenced by it.【Conclusion】Feeding silkworms with mulberry leaves picked on 10 d after pesticide application affects vitality, cocoon quality and egg quality of the eight silkworm strains in different degrees.Feeding silkworms with mulberry leaves picked on 14 d after pesticide application has no significant influence on the vitality, cocoon quality and egg quality of other five strains, except Haoyue A, Yuncan 8A and Yuncan 8B.It is suggested that Yuncan 7A, Yuncan 7B, Jingsong A, Jingsong B, Haoyue B can be fed safely after 14 d of application.According to the vitality, cocoon quality and egg quality of silkworm, the sensitivity of different strains to mixed application of omethoate EC, chlorpyrifos EC and propargite EC are ranked as follows:Yuncan 7B> Yuncan 8B> Haoyue A> Yuncan 7A> Yuncan 8A> Jingsong B> Haoyue B> Jingsong A. |
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