| 不同施氮量下烟叶的主脉特征和烘烤特性及其关系研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 魏光华,杨鹏,白金莹,孙光伟,杨建春,周中宇,陈振国.不同施氮量下烟叶的主脉特征和烘烤特性及其关系研究[J].南方农业学报,2021,52(2):356-364. |
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| 作者姓名： | 魏光华 杨鹏 白金莹 孙光伟 杨建春 周中宇 陈振国 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 河南农业大学烟草学院, 郑州 450002;2. 四川省烟草公司攀枝花市公司, 四川攀枝花 617026;3. 河南中烟工业有限责任公司, 郑州 450016;4. 湖北省烟草科学研究院, 武汉 430030 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金项目（41907076）；中国烟草总公司湖北省公司资助项目（027Y2019-006） |
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| 摘 要： | 【目的】研究氮素对烟叶主脉特征、烘烤特性的影响及烟叶主脉特征与烘烤特性的关系，为优化在合理施氮范围内烟叶的烘烤工艺提供理论依据。【方法】以烤烟品种云烟87上部叶为试验材料，设75 kg/ha（低氮）、105 kg/ha（正常）和135 kg/ha（高氮）3个施氮量处理，研究鲜烟叶主脉水分迁移速率，烘烤过程中烟叶主脉硬度、木质素含量和水分变化，烟叶叶片水分、叶绿素含量及多酚氧化酶（PPO）活性，并统计烤后烟叶经济性状。【结果】鲜烟叶主脉水分迁移速率表现为低氮< 正常< 高氮。在烘烤过程中，低氮烟叶主脉失水较少，其中在定色期（48～96 h）失水速率为0.07%/h，束缚水/自由水比值较大，主脉硬度较小且变化缓慢，木质素含量较低；正常施氮量的烟叶主脉在定色期失水速率为0.22%/h，束缚书/自由水比值、硬度和木质素含量均居中；高氮烟叶主脉失水较多，其中在定色期失水速率为0.35%/h，束缚水/自由水比值较小，主脉硬度较大且变化速率较快，木质素含量较高。在烘烤过程中，低氮烟叶叶片水分散失较多，其中变黄期（0～48 h）失水速率为0.20%/h，叶绿素降解量为89.47%，降解速率为1.24%/h，表明易烤性较好，PPO活性较高，表明耐烤性较差，烤后烟叶杂色烟比例达12.47%；正常施氮量的烟叶叶片水分散失量居中，变黄期失水速率为0.13%/h，叶绿素降解量为87.35%，降解速率为1.21%/h，表明易烤性中等，PPO活性居中，表明耐烤性中等，烤后烟叶上等烟率达31.27%；高氮烟叶叶片水分散失较少，其中变黄期失水速率为0.08%/h，叶绿素降解量为85.64%，降解速率为1.19%/h，表明易烤性较差，PPO活性较低，表明耐烤性较好，烤后烟叶青烟比例达14.50%。相关分析结果表明，除了高氮烟叶主脉硬度与叶片PPO活性呈显著相关外（P< 0.05），其他各施氮量烟叶主脉指标与叶片烘烤特性指标之间均呈极显著相关（P< 0.01）。【结论】氮素对烟叶质地和生理均有显著影响，施氮量为105 kg/ha的烟株，其烟叶主脉发育及保水力均较好，在烘烤过程中主脉调节叶片水分散失效果较好，使烟叶变黄和失水较协调且耐烤，可为适宜施氮范围内不同施氮量烟叶烘烤工艺优化提供参考。
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| 关 键 词： | 烟叶 主脉 烘烤特性 施氮量 水分 |
| 收稿时间： | 2020-08-24 |
Midrib characteristics and curing characteristics of tobacco leaves under different nitrogen rates and their relationship |
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| WEI Guang-hua,YANG Peng,BAI Jin-ying,SUN Guang-wei,YANG Jian-chun,ZHOU Zhong-yu,CHEN Zhen-guo.Midrib characteristics and curing characteristics of tobacco leaves under different nitrogen rates and their relationship[J].Journal of Southern Agriculture,2021,52(2):356-364. |
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| Authors: | WEI Guang-hua YANG Peng BAI Jin-ying SUN Guang-wei YANG Jian-chun ZHOU Zhong-yu CHEN Zhen-guo |
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| Affiliation: | 1. College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China;2. Panzhihua Branch, Sichuan Tobacco Company, Panzhihua, Sichuan 617026, China;3. China Tobacco Henan Industrial Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou 450016, China;4. Tobacco Research Institute of Hubei, Wuhan 430030, China |
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| Abstract: | 【Objective】The effects of nitrogen on the midrib characteristics and curing characteristics of tobacco leaves and the relationship between the midrib characteristics and curing characteristics of tobacco leaves were studied to provide a theoretical basis for optimizing the curing process of tobacco leaves within a reasonable range of nitrogen application.【Method】The upper leaves of flue-cured tobacco variety Yunyan 87 were used as the test material, three nitrogen application rates were set as 75 kg/ha(low nitrogen), 105 kg/ha(normal) and 135 kg/ha(high nitrogen).The water migration rate of midrib of fresh tobacco leaves, the hardness, lignin content and moisture content of midrib, leaf moisture, chlorophyll content and polyphenol oxidase(PPO) activity during curing were studied, and the economic characters of cured tobacco leaves were counted.【Result】Water transfer rate of midrib of fresh tobacco leaves:low nitrogen< normal< high nitrogen.In the curing process, the midrib of low-nitrogen tobacco leaves lost less water, and the rate of water loss in the leaf-drying stage(48-96 h) was 0.07%/h.The ratio of bound water to free water was large, the hardness of midrib was small and changed slowly, and the lignin content was low.The water loss rate of the midrib with normal nitrogen fertilizer was 0.22%/h in the leaf-drying stage.The bound water to free water ratio, hardness and lignin content were all in the middle.The midrib of high-nitrogen tobacco leaves lost more water, and the rate of water loss was 0.35%/h in the leaf-drying stage.The ratio of bound water to free water was smaller, the hardness of midrib was larger and the change rate was faster, and the lignin content was higher.In the curing process, the water loss rate of low-nitrogen tobacco leaves was 0.20%/h in the yellowing stage(0-48 h).The chlorophyll degradation amount was 89.47%, and the degradation rate was 1.24%/h, indicating that the easy curing potential was good, high PPO activity, indicating that the endurable curing potential was poor.The proportion of variegated tobacco leaves after curing was up to 12.47%.The water loss of normal nitrogen tobacco leaves was in the middle, and the water loss rate in the yellowing stage was 0.13%/h.The chlorophyll degradation amount was 87.35%, and the degradation rate was 1.21%/h, indicating that the easy curing potential was medium, the activity of PPO was in the middle, indicating that the endurable curing potential was medium.The rate of superiors tobacco leaves after curing was up to 31.27%.The water loss rate of high-nitrogen tobacco leaves was small, and was 0.08%/h in the yellowing stage.The chlorophyll degradation amount was 85.64%, and the degradation rate was 1.19%/h, indicating easy curing potential was poor, low PPO activity, indicating endurable curing potential was good.The proportion of green tobacco leaves after curing was up to 14.50%.The correlation analysis showed that there was extremely significant correlation between the midrib indexes and the curing characteristic indexes of tobacco leaves(P< 0.01), except that the high nitrogen tobacco leaves, which has significant correlation between the midrib hardness and the PPO activity of leaves(P< 0.05).【Conclusion】Nitrogen has significant effect on the texture and physiology of tobacco leaves.Under the nitrogen rates of 105 kg/ha, the development of midrib and their water conservation are better.During the curing process, the regulating effect of midrib on leaf water loss is better, thus yellowing and water loss of tobacco leaves are more harmonious and endurable curing potential is good, it can provide reference for the optimization of tobacco curing process with different nitrogen application rates in the appropriate range. |
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