| 高位处理水精养虾池水体浮游生物的时空变化 |
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| 引用本文： | 代霖欣,周小磊,杨术,侯丹清,孙成波.高位处理水精养虾池水体浮游生物的时空变化[J].热带生物学报,2022,13(5):429-439. |
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| 作者姓名： | 代霖欣 周小磊 杨术 侯丹清 孙成波 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.广东海洋大学 水产学院，广东 湛江 524088 |
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| 基金项目： | 广东省重点领域研发计划项目 (对接国家重大项目) “海水池塘生态工程化养殖技术与模式” (2020B0202010009)；冲一流省财政专项资金“南海经济虾类育种和养殖实验室”(231419025) |
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| 摘 要： | 为了科学防控对虾病害、构建对虾健康控病模式， 采用沙滤、蓄水沉淀和含氯消毒剂消毒联合处理养殖用海水源水，用于高位池精养凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)，比较外海水、沙滤水和处理水浮游生物的差异，同时研究养殖水体中浮游生物的时空变化。结果表明:外海水中浮游生物种类繁多，共9门27属33种；处理水的浮游生物种类次之，5门15属17种；沙滤水的浮游生物种类为5门15属16种。养殖凡纳滨对虾的虾塘中，处理水的浮游动物数量显著高于外海水和沙滤水浮游动物数量（P<0.05）。外海水的浮游动物密度次之，平均值为（26.45±14.30）个·L?1，沙滤水的浮游动物密度最小，平均值为（6.31±1.45）个·L?1 ；处理水的浮游植物数量显著高于外海水和沙滤水（P<0.05），外海水和沙滤水差异不明显（P>0.05）。在垂直方向上，浮游动物总数量的变化是从表层—中层—底层呈增多趋势，浮游植物总数量分布呈表层高于中层和底层，差异不显著（P>0.05）；在水平方向上，浮游植物总量在水平方向上分布差异显著（P<0.05），垂直方向分布差异不显著（P>0.05）。
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| 关 键 词： | 处理水 凡纳滨对虾 浮游生物 变化 |
| 收稿时间： | 2022-03-01 |
Temporal and spatial variation of plankton in high level intensive cultural shrimp pond with treated water |
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| Affiliation: | 1.College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 5240882.Guangdong Laboratory of Southern Marine Science and Engineering (Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang, Guangdong 5240253.Guangdong Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088, China |
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| Abstract: | A combination of sand filtration, storage precipitation and chlorine-containing disinfectant was used to treat the aquaculture water for intensive culture of Litopenaeus vannamei in high level ponds. The differences of plankton in the offshore seawater, sand filtrated water and treated water were compared, and the temporal and spatial changes of plankton in the aquaculture water were analyzed. The results showed that there were many species of plankton in the offshore water, including 33 species belonging to 27 genera and 9 phyla. There were 17 species of plankton in the treated water, belonging to 15 genera and 5 phyla, second to those in the offshore water. There were 16 species of plankton in the sand filtrated water, belonging to 5 phyla 15 genera. The number of zooplankton was significantly higher in the treated water than in the offshore water and the sand filtrated water (P < 0.05). The zooplankton density in the offshore seawater was the second highest, with an average of (26.45±14.30) ·L?1. The zooplankton density in the sand filtrated water was the lowest, with an average of (6.31±1.45) ·L?1. The number of phytoplankton was significantly higher in the treated water than in the offshore seawater and the sand filtrated water (P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference between the two (P > 0.05). In the vertical direction, the change in total number of phytoplankton increased from the surface layer to the middle layer and then to the bottom layer, and the distribution of the total number of phytoplankton was higher in the surface layer than in middle layer and the bottom layer, but with no significant difference (P > 0.05). In the horizontal direction, there was significant difference in the distribution of the total number of phytoplankton in the horizontal direction (P < 0.05). These results might provide reference for the directional regulation of plankton in shrimp aquaculture ponds and shrimp disease control. |
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