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不同耕作方式对土壤物理性状及玉米产量的影响
引用本文:吕巨智.不同耕作方式对土壤物理性状及玉米产量的影响[J].中国农学通报,2014,30(30):38-43.
作者姓名:吕巨智
作者单位:广西农科院玉米研究所
基金项目:国家现代农业产业技术体系南宁玉米综合试验站项目“玉米深松改土抗逆高产增效技术研究”(CARS-02-73);广西科学研究与技术开发项 目“广西玉米深松保墒轻简高效栽培复合技术研究”(桂科攻1123001-1J)
摘    要:为寻求最佳耕作方式、提高玉米品种产量提供理论依据,采用随机区组设计,研究6种不同耕作方式对土壤物理性状和玉米产量的影响。不同耕作方式对不同生育时期0-45 cm土壤的含水量、容重、孔隙度影响各不同,在不同耕作方式中以深松25-35 cm效果最为明显;深松处理的玉米穗长、穗粗、秃尖长、穗行数、行粒数、百粒重等产量构成因素均较对照有不同程度的改善;深松处理比对照玉米增产0.06%-3.13%,但是增产幅度不是很明显。深松处理可以提高土壤含水量,降低容重,增加孔隙度,起到蓄水保墒作用。以深松25-35 cm为最优组合。

关 键 词:玉米  耕作方式  土壤物理性状  产量
收稿时间:4/9/2014 12:00:00 AM
修稿时间:4/9/2014 12:00:00 AM

Effects of Different Cultivation Methods on the Soil Physical Properties and Yield of Maize
Affiliation:Lv Juzhi, Cheng Weidong, Zhong Changsong, Fan Jizheng, Shi Dajin, Liu Yonghong, Yah Feiyan (1Maize Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530227; 2Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066)
Abstract:The purpose of this experiment was to identify the best cultivation method of maize and provide references for enhancing yield of maize cultivars. To study the effects of different tillage methods on soil physical properties and yield with different growing stages, a field experiment was conducted with randomized block design. The effects of different tillage methods on soil moisture content, bulk density, porosity in 0-45 cm soil depth varied with different growing stages. Among all the 6 tillage methods, the effect of 25-35 cm subsoiling depth on those physical properties mentioned above was the most obvious. In addition, after the subsoiling treatment, maize yield components, such as corn ear length, ear diameter, barren-tip length, number of rows per ear, kernels per row and 100-grain weight were improved at different degrees compared with CK. The maize yield with subsoiling treatment was 0.06%-3.13% higher than CK, but not significantly. Subsoiling could increase soil moisture, decrease soil bulk density, increase the porosity, function as water conservation and increase maize yield. Among them, the combination of 35 cm subsoiling depth and rotary tillage was the most optimal.
Keywords:maize  different cultivation methods  soil  physical properties  yield
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