| 江苏省典型高速公路沿线土壤重金属分布特征及影响因素研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 周怡,吴秋梅,樊亚男,胡文友,田康,黄标,纪荣平.江苏省典型高速公路沿线土壤重金属分布特征及影响因素研究[J].土壤通报,2023,54(1):161-170. |
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| 作者姓名： | 周怡 吴秋梅 樊亚男 胡文友 田康 黄标 纪荣平 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.中国科学院土壤环境与污染修复重点实验室/南京土壤研究所，江苏 南京 210008 |
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| 基金项目： | 江苏省生态环境厅环保科研课题（2018013）、国家自然科学基金（41877512）、江苏省重点研发计划（BE2021717）和江苏省农业科技自主创新资金项目（CX（21）2034）资助 |
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| 摘 要： | 【目的】加强高速公路沿线土壤重金属污染管控及农业安全生产，亟需明确高速公路周边土壤重金属的分布特征与影响因素。【方法】选择贯穿江苏省境内的4条典型高速公路（沪宁、京沪、宁通和连霍）周边土壤为研究对象，利用高精度X射线荧光光谱仪（XRF）测定土壤重金属含量,从而分析高速公路沿线土壤重金属的空间分布特征，并探究其主要影响因素。【结果】(1)高速公路沿线表层土壤镉（Cd）、铅（Pb）、铜（Cu）、锌（Zn）含量总体呈南高北低、南北向公路小于东西向公路的分布特征，部分点位土壤Cd存在超标现象；(2)距公路路肩距离是影响两侧土壤重金属含量的重要因素，主要影响范围在50 m内，不同土地利用类型条件下土壤金属含量差异较大，路龄越长，土壤重金属富集系数越大。【结论】高速公路沿线表层土壤均存在重金属累积现象，其中Cd的累积最为明显，深层土壤重金属受到公路交通的影响较小。公路交通对沿线土壤重金属含量的影响主要在50 m以内，并且受到沿线土地利用类型、路龄和车流量的共同影响。在高速公路两侧设置不同范围的绿化带种植防护林，可在一定程度上防控重金属向周边农田的扩散与风险。
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| 关 键 词： | 高速公路 土壤 重金属 空间分布 影响因素 |
| 收稿时间： | 2021-12-15 |
Spatial Distribution and Influencing Factors of Heavy Metals in Soils around Typical Highways in Jiangsu Provinces |
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| Affiliation: | 1.Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China2.MCC Capital Engineering & Research Incorporation Limite , Beijing 210005, China3.College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China |
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| Abstract: | Objective The paper aims to clarify the spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors of heavy metals in soils around highways for the prevention and control of soil heavy metals pollution and agricultural safety production along the highways. Method Four highways (Shanghai-Nanjing Highway, Beijing-Shanghai Highway, Nanjing-Nantong Highway and Lianyungang-Huoerguosi Highway Jiangsu Section) were selected as the case study areas. The heavy metal contents were measured using high-precision soil heavy metal rapid detector (X-Ray fluorescence spectroscopy, XRF). The distribution characteristics of heavy metals in soil around highway were analyzed. On this basis, the influencing factors of heavy metal distribution in soil around highway were explored. Result ① The Cd, Pb, Cu, and Zn in surface soils along the highways were generally higher in the south and lower in the north, the distribution characteristics of the north-south direction was smaller than that of the east-west direction, and the soil Cd at some sites exceeded the risk screening values for soil contamination of agricultural land. ② The distance from the road shoulder affected the content of heavy metals in the soil on both sides. The main influence range was within 50 m. The soil heavy metal contents varied greatly under different land use types. Conclusion The heavy metals were mainly accumulated in the surface soils, especially for Cd. The heavy metals in the deep soils were less affected by road traffic. The soil on both sides of the road was affected by the distance from the road shoulder, land use types, road age and traffic flow. The longer the road age, the greater of the soil heavy metal enrichment coefficient. Planting shelterbelts with different ranges of green belts on both sides of the highways can better prevent and control the spread and risk of heavy metals in farmland soils. |
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