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地膜覆盖结合秸秆深埋对土壤水盐动态影响的微区试验
引用本文:赵永敢,李玉义,胡小龙,王 婧,逄焕成.地膜覆盖结合秸秆深埋对土壤水盐动态影响的微区试验[J].土壤学报,2013,50(6):1129-1137.
作者姓名:赵永敢  李玉义  胡小龙  王 婧  逄焕成
作者单位:中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所/农业部面源污染控制重点实验室,中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所/农业部面源污染控制重点实验室,石河子大学农学院/新疆兵团绿洲生态农业重点实验室,中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所/农业部面源污染控制重点实验室,中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所/农业部面源污染控制重点实验室
基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(31000692)、公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费项目(200903001)和中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金项目(2011-9)
摘    要:为了研究地膜覆盖结合秸秆深埋(简称上膜下秸,P S)措施对内蒙古河套灌区盐碱障碍土壤的水盐调控机制,进行了微区试验,以翻耕(T)、地膜覆盖(P)和秸秆深埋(S)为对照,对比分析了不同耕作措施下食葵生育期内土壤水盐时空动态变化。结果表明:(1)P S处理能显著增强耕层(0~40 cm)土壤蓄水能力并可持续保墒,播种时其耕层土壤含水率分别较T、P和S处理高5.13%、3.49%和1.99%,食葵生长前期分别高5.01%、5.87%和2.70%,生长中期也分别高7.53%、11.02%和6.16%。(2)P S处理对耕层土壤具有显著且长效的控盐抑盐效果,播种时其含盐量分别较T、P和S处理低18.37%、20.33%和1.90%,食葵生长前期分别低45.46%、37.63%和39.67%,生长中期分别低17.89%、29.77%和37.22%,生长后期也分别低14.46%、13.90%和19.88%。(3)P S处理可显著降低单位土体积盐量,淡化耕层作用尤为明显。总之,P S可调控、优化土壤水盐分布,为食葵生长创造良好的土壤环境,促进食葵生长发育。

关 键 词:秸秆隔层  地膜覆盖  水盐调控  盐碱土
收稿时间:2012/12/30 0:00:00
修稿时间:2013/3/23 0:00:00

Effects of plastic mulching and deep burial of straw on dynamics of soil water and salt in micro-plot field cultivation
Zhao Yonggan,Li Yuyi,Hu Xiaolong,Wang Jing and Pang Huancheng.Effects of plastic mulching and deep burial of straw on dynamics of soil water and salt in micro-plot field cultivation[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2013,50(6):1129-1137.
Authors:Zhao Yonggan  Li Yuyi  Hu Xiaolong  Wang Jing and Pang Huancheng
Affiliation:Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Department of Resource and Environmental, College of Agronomy, Shihezi University,Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Abstract:In order to explore effects of tillage on dynamics of soil water and salt in saline-alkali soils in the Hetao Irrigation District in Inner Mongolia, a micro-plot field experiment, designed to have four treatments, i.e. Treatment T (tillage), Treatment P (plastic mulching), Treatment S (deep burial of straw) and Treatment P S (plastic mulching plus straw burial), was conducted over a whole sunflower growth period. Results show that Treatment P S not only significantly enhanced water storage capacity of the 0~40 cm soil layer, but also continuously preserve soil moisture. Soil water content of the 0~40 cm soil layer was 5.13%, 3.49% and 1.99% higher in Treatment P S than in Treatments T, P and S before sowing, respectively. Compared to Treatment T, P and S, Treatment P S increased water content of the soil layer by 5.01%, 5.87% and 2.70%, respectively, at the early growth period, and by 7.53%, 11.02% and 6.16%, respectively, at the medium growth period. Moreover, Treatment P S displayed significant long-term effect of suppressing and controlling soil salt in the soil layer. Soil salt content was 18.37%, 20.33% and 1.90% lower in Treatment P S than Treatment T, P and S before sowing, respectively, 45.46%, 37.63% and 39.67% lower in the early growing period, 17.89%, 29.77% and 37.22% lower in the middle growing period, and 14.46%, 13.90% and 19.88% in the later growing period, respectively. In addition, Treatment P S significantly reduced salt accumulation per unit volume of soil, showing a significant effect of desalinizing the soil, particularly the plough layer. The above findings suggest that Treatment P S is an optimal option to regulate and optimize the distribution of soil water and salt, and create a suitable soil environment for better growth of sunflower.
Keywords:Straw interlayer  Plastic mulching  Water-salt regulation  Salt-affected soils
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