| 宁夏引黄灌区灌淤土的成土特点及系统分类研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 曲潇琳,龙怀玉,谢 平,曹祥会,王佳佳.宁夏引黄灌区灌淤土的成土特点及系统分类研究[J].土壤学报,2017,54(5):1102-1114. |
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| 作者姓名： | 曲潇琳 龙怀玉 谢 平 曹祥会 王佳佳 |
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| 作者单位： | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北京,100081 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家科技基础性工作专项（2014FY110200A07）资助 |
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| 摘 要： | 为了解宁夏引黄灌区灌淤土的成土特点和系统分类归属,在研究区内挖掘5个典型土壤剖面,经过剖面形态观测和分层取样分析,发现灌淤土主要的成土过程是人为耕作引起的土壤熟化过程、灌溉水和地下水共同作用引起的氧化还原过程以及灌溉水泥沙沉降引起的地表物理堆垫过程,有些地方还有盐渍化过程。依据《中国土壤系统分类检索(第三版)》进行检索、鉴定,发现5个典型剖面的诊断依据有灌淤表层、肥熟表层、雏形层等诊断层和冷性土壤温度状况、石灰性和氧化还原特征等诊断特性以及钙积现象,5个典型剖面分别属于人为土土纲,旱耕人为土亚纲,灌淤旱耕人为土和肥熟旱耕人为土2个土类,斑纹灌淤旱耕人为土、灌淤肥熟旱耕人为土和普通灌淤旱耕人为土3个亚类。依据《中国土壤系统分类土族与土系划分标准》将5个剖面按照控制层段土壤颗粒大小、矿物学类型的不同,初步建立5个土族和5个土系。将典型剖面在不同分类系统中的位置进行参比研究,表明发生分类与系统分类虽然并非简单一对一的关系,但却具有优势的对应关系;5个典型剖面在发生分类中归属为灌淤土土类,在中国土壤系统分类归属中为灌淤旱耕人为土和肥熟旱耕人为土2个土类,在美国土壤系统分类中归属为Inceptisols土纲,Ustepts亚纲和Haplustepts土类;相比之下,发生分类和美国土壤系统分类较为稳定,定量化的中国土壤系统分类分异性较大,使分类更加全面、细化。
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| 关 键 词： | 引黄灌区 灌淤土 诊断层 诊断特性 土壤系统分类 参比研究 |
| 收稿时间： | 2016/12/31 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2017/3/24 0:00:00 |
Pedogenesis and Taxonomy of Anthropogenic-alluvial soil in the Ningxia Yellow River Irrigation Zone |
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| QU Xiaolin,LONG Huaiyu,XIE Ping,CAO Xianghui and WANG Jiajia.Pedogenesis and Taxonomy of Anthropogenic-alluvial soil in the Ningxia Yellow River Irrigation Zone[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2017,54(5):1102-1114. |
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| Authors: | QU Xiaolin LONG Huaiyu XIE Ping CAO Xianghui and WANG Jiajia |
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| Affiliation: | Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planing,CAAS,Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planing,CAAS |
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| Abstract: | Objective] In order to better understand pedogenesis and taxonomy of the anthropogenic-alluvial soil in the Yellow River Irrigation Zone of the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,five typical soil profiles were prepared by pit-digging with the aid of ArcGIS software and GPS in the zone for studying.Method]From the data collected during the soil-series surveys of Ningxia in recent years after 2014 and the data and information acquired through profile observation and analysis of samples collected from the profiles by layer,it was found that the anthropogenic-alluvial soil was formed through mellowing processes triggered by artificial cultivation,redox process caused jointly by irrigation and groundwater,sedimentation of silt in irrigation water,and salinization process,as well,in some areas.Result]By referring to and identification in line with"the Keys to the Chinese Soil Taxonomy(third Edition)",it was found that the five typical profiles had the following diagnostic horizons and characteristics,siltigic epipedon, fimic epipedon,cambic horizon,and ustic soil moisture regime,frigid temperature regime,calcaric property,redox features and calcic evidence. In the Chinese Soil Taxonomy,the five typical profiles could be sorted into the soil order of Anthrosols,the suborder of Orthic Anthrosols,the soil groups of Siltigi-Orthic Anthrosols and Fimi-Orthic Anthrosols,and the subgroups of Mottlic Siltigi-Orthic Anthrosols, Siltigi Fimi-Orthic Anthrosols and Typic Siltigi-Orthic Anthrosols. According to the criteria for classification of soil families and soil series in the Chinese Soil Taxonomy,the five soil profiles were sorted divided into five soil families,i.e. loamy mixed type calcareous frigid-Mottlic Siltigi-Orthic Anthrosols,sandy feldspar mixed type calcareous frigid-Siltigi Fimi-Orthic Anthrosols,sandy silica mixed type calcareous frigid-Typic Siltigi-Orthic Anthrosols,Sandy feldspar mixed type calcareous frigid-Mottlic Siltigi-Orthic Anthrosols and Loamy feldspar type calcareous frigid-Mottlic Siltigi-Orthic Anthrosols,in the light of their soil particle size composition and mineral composition,and then further into five soil series,such as Chengguan series, Xigang series,Jinji series and so on.Conclusion]In addition,the reference studies of the five soil profiles in different soil classification systems show that between the two soil classification systems,the Chinese Soil Genetic Classification and the Chinese Soil Taxonomy,does not exist any simple one to one relationship,the corresponding relationship between the two is significant. In the Chinese Soil Genetic Classification,the five soil profiles all belong to anthropogenic-alluvial soil,while in the Chinese Soil Taxonomy,they are sorted into 2 soil groups,and in the US Soil Taxonomy into the soil order of Inceptisols,the suborder of Ustepts and the soil group of Haplustepts. The comparison shows that the Chinese Genetic Classification and the US Soil Taxonomy are relatively stable in classification,whereas the quantitative Chinese Soil Taxonomy is more differentiable,thus making the classification more complete and detailed. |
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| Keywords: | Yellow river irrigation zone Anthropogenic-alluvial soil Diagnostic horizons Diagnostic characteristics Chinese Soil Taxonomy Reference study |
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