| 土壤矿物对有机质的吸附与固定机制研究进展 |
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| 引用本文： | 王 磊,应蓉蓉,石佳奇,龙 涛,林玉锁.土壤矿物对有机质的吸附与固定机制研究进展[J].土壤学报,2017,54(4):805-818. |
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| 作者姓名： | 王 磊 应蓉蓉 石佳奇 龙 涛 林玉锁 |
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| 作者单位： | 环境保护部南京环境科学研究所,南京210042;国家环境保护土壤环境管理与污染控制重点实验室,南京210042 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金项目、科技部863计划项目、江苏省自然科学基金项目 |
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| 摘 要： | 鉴于土壤有机质在生态系统及碳储存方面的重要性,关于土壤矿物对土壤有机质的吸附与固定机理方面的研究越来越受到了学术界的广泛关注。本文综述了近年来报道较多的土壤矿物对土壤有机质的吸附机制,以及主要影响因素。在众多矿物类型中,水合铁、铝氧化物及黏土矿物对有机质的吸附性较强,配体交换、络合、氢键、阳离子桥接、缩合及范德华力作用是土壤矿物与有机质之间的主要作用机制。土壤pH是影响矿物表面电荷及吸附位点的关键因素,进而影响矿物对有机质的吸附。土壤矿物表面的有机质含量对其继续吸附有机质具有一定的影响。吸附态有机质大多呈层状结构,越接近矿物表面的有机质与土壤矿物的结合越紧密。土壤有机质的稳定性受有机质与矿物间的作用力影响,一般而言,以化学键合吸附在矿物表面的有机质最稳定,其次为直接与矿物表面作用的电子"供体-受体"机制,范德华力和静电作用稳定性较差。近年来,随着分析设备和技术的进步,一些新的表征与探测方法(如热重分析、差示扫描量热法、傅里叶转换红外光谱、扫描电子显微镜、原子力显微镜、扫描透射X射线显微镜、中子散射技术等)被用于"矿物-有机质"结合机制的研究中,这些新手段毫无疑问会帮助更好地认识矿物与有机质间的作用机理。关于微生物在矿物吸附有机质、"矿物-有机质"复合体形成和演化过程中所起的作用,研究相对较少,但很明显这是至关重要的。
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| 关 键 词： | 土壤有机质 土壤矿物 吸附及固定 作用机制 “矿物-有机质”复合体 |
| 收稿时间： | 2016/8/15 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2017/3/29 0:00:00 |
Advancement in Study on Adsorption of Organic Matter on Soil Minerals and Its Mechanism |
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| WANG Lei,YING Rongrong,SHI Jiaqi,LONG Tao and LIN Yusuo.Advancement in Study on Adsorption of Organic Matter on Soil Minerals and Its Mechanism[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2017,54(4):805-818. |
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| Authors: | WANG Lei YING Rongrong SHI Jiaqi LONG Tao and LIN Yusuo |
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| Abstract: | Soil is the largest terrestrial organic carbon sink,and soil organic matter is the main form of the carbon stored in the sink.In view of the fact that soil organic matter plays an important role in the ecological system and carbon storage,the topic of soil minerals adsorbing organic matter and its mechanism is getting more and more attention from scientists the world over.This paper presents a review of the papers published in the past years about the mechanisms of soil minerals adsorbing organic matter and its major affecting factors.It is reported that among a huge number of soil minerals,hydrated iron,aluminum oxides and clay minerals are quite high in organic matter adsorbing capacity,ligand exchange,complexation,hydrogen bond,cationic bridge,condensation and Van der Waals force,the main mechanisms,and soil pH,the key factor that influences surface charge and adsorption sites of the mineral and hence adsorption of organic matter.Amount of the soil organic matter already adsorbed on the surface of the minerals also affects somewhat capacity of the minerals keeping on adsorbing organic matter,because the already adsorbed organic matter forms a layer covering part of the surface of the minerals and adsorbing sites thereon,and the closer the layer to the surface of the minerals,the tighter it adsorbed onto the minerals.Stability of the soil organic matter is affected significantly by the interaction between the organic matter and the minerals.Generally speaking,the adsorption of organic matter via chemical bond is the most stable and followed by that via Electronic "Donor-Acceptor" mechanism (which shows inner-sphere complex between functional groups on the surface of the minerals and the organic matter),and that via Van der Waals force and electrostatic force,in the end.In recent years,with the development of analytic equipment and technologies,some new characterizing and probing methods,such as TG,DSC,FTIR,SEM,TEM,AFM,STXM/NEXAFS,Neutron Scattering,have been invented and used in the studies on mechanisms of mineral-organic matter associations (MOAs).These instrument developments will undoubtedly bring important new insights into mechanisms of MOAs.However,relatively little has been reported about effects of microorganisms on mineral adsorption of organic matter,formation and evolution of MOA,though it is quite obvious that their effects are crucial. |
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| Keywords: | Soil organic matter Soil minerals Sorption and immobilization Mechanisms and affecting factors Mineral-organic matter associations |
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