| 加工番茄连作对土壤理化性状及微生物量的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 康亚龙,景 峰,孙文庆,谈建鑫,冉 辉,蒋桂英.加工番茄连作对土壤理化性状及微生物量的影响[J].土壤学报,2016,53(2):533-542. |
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| 作者姓名： | 康亚龙 景 峰 孙文庆 谈建鑫 冉 辉 蒋桂英 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 石河子大学新疆兵团绿洲生态农业重点实验室，新疆石河子 832003; 巴州农业技术推广中心，新疆库尔勒 841000;2. 石河子大学新疆兵团绿洲生态农业重点实验室,新疆石河子,832003 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金项目（31260142）资助 |
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| 摘 要： | 通过在石河子大学农学院试验站开展加工番茄连作定点微区试验,研究了不同连作处理(种植1 a、连作3 a、5 a和7 a)对新疆加工番茄土壤理化性状、微生物生物量和酶活性的影响。结果表明,随着连作年限的延长,土壤p H升高,全磷、速效磷及全钾含量呈先升后降的趋势,土壤容重无明显变化。连作7 a时土壤有机质、全氮及速效钾含量较对照分别下降了8%、21%和29%(p0.05)。土壤微生物量碳(SMBC)、微生物量氮(SMBN)和微生物商(q MB)呈显著下降趋势,与对照相比分别降低了52.3%、78.8%和48.2%(p0.01);微生物量磷(SMBP)呈先升后降趋势,连作3a时,SMBP含量达到最大值,是对照的1.65倍(p0.01)。土壤过氧化氢酶活性呈显著升高趋势,而脲酶、蔗糖酶、多酚氧化酶及磷酸酶活性的变化则相反。连作导致加工番茄产量显著下降,连作7 a时产量下降达34%(p0.01)。相关分析表明,p H、微生物量、q MB、酶活性及养分之间相关性极为密切,说明土壤微生物量和酶活性相结合,可以反映土壤质量的变化。加工番茄连作导致土壤p H和电导率升高,显著抑制了土壤微生物活性,降低了土壤肥力,最终造成产量下降,连作障碍明显。
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| 关 键 词： | 加工番茄 连作 土壤养分 土壤酶 土壤微生物量 微生物商 |
| 收稿时间： | 2015/4/11 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2015/9/21 0:00:00 |
Effects of Continuous Cropping of Processing Tomato on Physical-chemical Properties of and Microbial Biomass in the Soil |
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| KANG Yalong,JING Feng,SUN Wnqing,TAN Jianxin,RAN Hui and JIANG Guiying.Effects of Continuous Cropping of Processing Tomato on Physical-chemical Properties of and Microbial Biomass in the Soil[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2016,53(2):533-542. |
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| Authors: | KANG Yalong JING Feng SUN Wnqing TAN Jianxin RAN Hui and JIANG Guiying |
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| Affiliation: | Laboratory of Oasis Ecology Agriculture of Xinjiang Bingtuan, Shihezi University,Laboratory of Oasis Ecology Agriculture of Xinjiang Bingtuan, Shihezi University,Laboratory of Oasis Ecology Agriculture of Xinjiang Bingtuan, Shihezi University,Laboratory of Oasis Ecology Agriculture of Xinjiang Bingtuan, Shihezi University,Laboratory of Oasis Ecology Agriculture of Xinjiang Bingtuan, Shihezi University and Laboratory of Oasis Ecology Agriculture of Xinjiang Bingtuan, Shihezi University |
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| Abstract: | The Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region is the main processing tomato production area of China. So production of processing tomatoes is the backbone of the local economy. To meet the demand for processing tomatoes of the market,continuous cropping or monocropping is widely adopted for the production of processing tomatoes,but unfortunately it has become the main factor limiting stable production and high yield of the crop in the region. It is,therefore,important to understand the mechanism of continuous tomato cropping regulating soil microbial activity. The objective of this study was to explore effects of continuous tomato cropping on physical,chemical and biological properties of the soil,in a view to providing a theoretical basis for sustainable development of the processing tomato industry in Xinjiang. A mono-cropping field experiment started in 2007 at the experiment station of the Agriculture College,Shihezi University. The cultivar of processing tomato used in the experiment was“Ligeer 87-5”. Soil samples were collected for analysis from plots different in cultivation history,3,5,and 7 yr of continuous cropping and from the control plot which had been undergoing fallow for 3 years before tomato was planted in 2014. Results show that with continuous cropping going on soil pH increased and soil total P,available P and total K increased first and then decreased;soil bulk density did not change much. After 7 years of continuous cropping, soil organic matter content,total N,and readily available K decreased by 8,21 and 29%,respectively. Moreover,soil microbial biomass C(SMBC),soil microbial biomass N(SMBN),and the microbial quotient(qMB)all displayed declining trends as continuous cropping went on and decreased by 52,79,and 48%,respectively,after 7 years of continuous cropping. Soil microbial biomass P(SMBP)increased during the first three years of continuous cropping,peaking up to 1.6 times as high as that in the control and then decreased. Continuous cropping significantly increased the activity of soil catalase,but reduced the activities of urease,sucrase,polyphenoloxidase,and phosphatase. And what is more important,it led to a significant drop,as much as 34%,in yield of processing tomato,(p<0.01)in the treatment of 7 years as against the control. Correlation analysis shows significant correlations between soil pH,soil microbial biomass,qMB, soil enzyme activity and soil nutrient content. All the findings indicate that variations of soil microbial biomass and microbial activity may reflect changes in soil quality and thus can be used as biological indicators in evaluating soil fertility. Continuous cropping of processing tomato significantly increases soil pH and electrical conductivity and inhibites the activity of soil microbes,thus lowering soil fertility,and eventually yield of the crop. So the negative effects of continuous cropping are obvious. To maintain soil fertility and improve processing tomato production,it is essential to rotate processing tomato with cereal crops. In regions where farmland is limited in area,it is advisable to cultivate the crop continuously no more than three years. |
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| Keywords: | Processing tomato Continuous cropping Soil nutrient Soil enzymes Soil microbial biomass Microbial quotient |
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