| 灰漠土小麦-玉米-棉花轮作体系钾平衡与钾肥利用率 |
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| 引用本文： | 王西和,吕金岭,刘 骅.灰漠土小麦-玉米-棉花轮作体系钾平衡与钾肥利用率[J].土壤学报,2016,53(1):213-223. |
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| 作者姓名： | 王西和 吕金岭 刘 骅 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 新疆农业科学院土壤肥料与农业节水研究所,乌鲁木齐,830091;2. 河南省农业科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所,郑州,450002 |
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| 基金项目： | 公益性行业（农业）科研专项经费“粮食主产区土壤肥力演变与培肥技术研究与示范(201203030-08-04) |
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| 摘 要： | 研究了干旱区灰漠土农田典型作物长期定位方式下不同施肥处理对钾平衡及钾形态和利用率的影响。实验包括9个处理,分别为不施肥(CK)、氮磷钾不均衡配施(N、NP、NK和PK)以及均衡施肥与秸秆或有机肥配施(NPK、NPKS、NPKM和1.5 NPKM)。结果表明,均衡施肥的产量显著高于不均衡施肥处理(NP除外)(p0.05)。其中NP处理的产量与其他均衡施肥产量并无明显差异(p0.05),说明钾不是灰漠土农田亏缺养分。钾平衡法发现,均衡施肥中NPKS表现出钾的盈余,而其余均衡施肥处理表现出钾的亏缺,24年亏缺量达到268至2 966 kg hm-2。所有施肥处理中,NPKM和1.5NPKM拥有最高的钾表观利用率,分别达到81.2%和38.9%,显著高于其他处理(p0.05),说明配施有机肥可以显著提高灰漠土钾肥利用率。长期定位试验后,不同处理的钾素形态变化显著,尤其有机肥添加处理的非交换性钾、非特殊吸附性钾、水溶性钾和交换性钾显著高于其他处理(p0.05),进一步说明配施有机肥或秸秆维持灰漠土农田钾素肥力方面的重要性。总而言之,当前灰漠土农田常规施肥方式下的钾亏缺正在逐步加大,补充更多的钾肥以及配合使用有机肥或秸秆应当被重视。
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| 关 键 词： | 长期施肥 钾平衡 钾肥利用率 钾素形态 灰漠土农田 |
| 收稿时间： | 2014/12/29 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2015/7/22 0:00:00 |
Potassium Balance and Use Efficiency in Grey Desert Soil under Continuous Wheat-maize-cotton Crop Rotation System |
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| Abstract: | Effects of long-term fertilization on balance,forms and use efficiency of potassium in oasis grey desert soil under a typical crop rotation system as affected by fertilization treatment were studied in an arid area. The long term fertilization experiment was designed to have 9 treatments,i.e.,CK (No fertilization),N,NP,NK,PK,NPK,NPKS(NPK plus straw),NPKM(NPK plus organic manure)and 1.5NPKM(1.5 folds of NPKM). Results show that the balanced fertilizer treatments were much higher than the unbalanced fertilizer treatments in yield(except the NP). However,Treatment NP was an exception,and did not differ much from the balanced fertilizer treatments in yield(p>0.05), indicating that the grey desert soil is not in deficit of potassium. Budgeting of soil potassium revealed that only Treatment NPKS was gaining in K,while all the others were losing,with K deficit reaching as high as 268~2 996kg hm-1. Among all the K treatments,Treatments NPKM and 1.5NPKM were the highest in apparent use efficiency of K,reaching up to 81.2% and 38.9%,respectively,much higher than all the others (p<0.05),indicating that addition of manure may improve potassium use efficiency. After the long-term fertilization experiment,potassium varied significantly in form in all the treatments. Treatments NPKM and 1.5NPKM were much higher than all the other treatments(p<0.05)in non-exchangeable K,non-specific absorbable K,water soluble K and exchangeable K,demonstrating the importance of addition of organic manure or straw to NPK in maintaining potassium fertility in grey desert soil. In short,the conventional fertilization method fails to meet K demand of the crops,leading to growing K deficiency in farmlands of grey desert soil. More attention should be given to application of more potassium fertilizer or addition of organic manure or incorporation of crop straw in the farmlands of grey desert soil. |
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| Keywords: | Long-term fertilization Potassium balance Potassium utilization rate Potassium forms Cropland of grey desert soil |
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