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基于RUSLE模型的安徽省土壤侵蚀及其养分流失评估
引用本文:赵明松,李德成,张甘霖,程先富.基于RUSLE模型的安徽省土壤侵蚀及其养分流失评估[J].土壤学报,2016,53(1):28-38.
作者姓名:赵明松  李德成  张甘霖  程先富
作者单位:1. 安徽理工大学测绘学院,安徽淮南 232001;土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室(中国科学院南京土壤研究所),南京 210008;2. 土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室(中国科学院南京土壤研究所),南京,210008;3. 安徽师范大学国土资源与旅游学院,安徽芜湖 241003;安徽省自然灾害过程与防控研究省级实验室,安徽芜湖 241003
基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(41501226)、土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室开放基金项目(Y412201431)和国家科技基础性工作专项(2008FY110600)资助
摘    要:基于修正的通用土壤流失方程(RUSLE)和GIS空间分析技术,定量分析了安徽省土壤侵蚀及其养分流失的空间分布特征,探讨了土壤侵蚀强度与海拔、坡度等地形因子的关系。结果表明:2010年安徽省土壤侵蚀总量为3 454×104 t a-1,土壤侵蚀模数平均值为256.9 t km-2 a-1。全省以微度土壤侵蚀为主,侵蚀强度由北向南逐渐加剧。淮北与沿淮平原、江淮丘陵岗地以微度土壤侵蚀为主,皖南丘陵山区和皖西大别山区以强度侵蚀为主。海拔200~500 m和坡度15°~25°的区域土壤侵蚀量最大。不同土壤侵蚀强度在各高程、坡度带的面积分布比例规律相似,随着海拔和坡度的增加,土壤侵蚀强度逐渐加剧。微度侵蚀的面积比例逐渐减小,其他侵蚀强度的面积比例逐渐增加。全省因土壤侵蚀引起的土壤有机碳(SOC)、全氮(TN)、全磷(TP)和全钾(TK)等养分流失总量为106.6×104 t a-1,其中SOC、TN、TP和TK的平均流失量分别为3.57、0.37、0.10和3.90 t km-2 a-1。土壤养分流失量总体上由北向南逐渐增多,淮北与沿淮平原四种养分平均流失量和流失总量最小,皖南丘陵山区平均流失量和流失总量最大。

关 键 词:RUSLE  土壤侵蚀  土壤养分流失  安徽省
收稿时间:2014/12/23 0:00:00
修稿时间:2015/8/28 0:00:00

Evaluation of Soil Erosion and Soil Nutrient Loss in Anhui Province
ZHAO Mingsong,LI Decheng,ZHANG Ganlin and CHENG Xianfu.Evaluation of Soil Erosion and Soil Nutrient Loss in Anhui Province[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2016,53(1):28-38.
Authors:ZHAO Mingsong  LI Decheng  ZHANG Ganlin and CHENG Xianfu
Affiliation:School of Surveying and Mapping, Anhui University of Science and Technology,State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences,State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences and College of Territorial Resources and Tourism, Anhui Normal University
Abstract:Soil erosion is a major ecological and environmental issue concerned globally. It causes soil degradation and some environmental problems as well. Based on Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) and GIS spatial analysis technique, this research quantitatively analyzed the spatial distribution of soil erosion and soil nutrient loss in Anhui Province, and explored relationships of soil erosion intensity with elevation and slope based on ArcGIS zonal statistics. Results show that in 2010 the total amount of soil erosion was 3 454 × 104 t a-1, and the mean soil erosion modulus was 256.9 t km-2a-1. The soil erosion in the province as a whole was dominantly trivial in degree, with 90.10% or 121 200 km2 in the grade of trivial erosion, and 1.12% or 1 521 km2in the grade of intensive erosion distributed mainly in the hilly region of South Anhui and the Dabieshan mountain region of West Anhui. The grade of light erosion contributed 1 016 × 104t a-1, 29.42 % to the total amount of soil erosion, the grade of trivial erosion did 677.6 × 104 t a-1 or 19.62%, and the grade of highly intensive erosion did 125.3 × 104t a-1 or 3.63%. Spatially, soil erosion intensified from north to south. Trivial soil erosion, the dominant grade of soil erosion, was distributed mainly in the North Anhui Plain, the riverine plains alongside the Huaihe River and the hilly region between the Yangtze River and the Huaihe River, while intensive soil erosion, in the hilly region of South Anhui and the mountains of West Anhui. Intensity degree of the soil erosion in the study area was closely related to elevation and slope. The soil erosion on slopes, 15° ~ 25° in gradient and 200 ~ 500 m in elevation, was the most severe. Distributions of soil erosions different in intensity in areas different in elevation and slope displayed a similar rule, that is, with rising elevation and slope, the soil erosion gradually increased in intensity, and the area of trivial soil erosion shrank gradually, while the areas of the other grades of soil erosion expanded gradually. The total loss of soil nutrients caused by soil erosion reached 106.6 × 104 t a-1, of which soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), and total potassium (TK), accounted for 47.94 × 104, 4.934 × 104, 1.295 × 104, and 52.47 × 104 t a-1 respectively, or 3.57, 0.37, 0.10, and 3.90 t km-2 a-1, respectively, on average. The soil nutrient loss showed a spatial variation trend similar to that the soil erosion did, that is, rising from north to south. The North Anhui Plain was the lowest in mean and total loss of the four soil nutrients, and the hilly region of Southern Anhui the highest. As a whole, the findings may help understand how soil erosion and soil nutrient loss is spatially distributed, and then provide certain data basis for soil and water conservation.
Keywords:RUSLE  Soil erosion  Soil nutrient loss  Anhui Province
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