| 黄土坡面径流剥离土壤的水动力过程研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 吴淑芳,吴普特,宋维秀,卜崇峰.黄土坡面径流剥离土壤的水动力过程研究[J].土壤学报,2010,47(2):223-228. |
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| 作者姓名： | 吴淑芳 吴普特 宋维秀 卜崇峰 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 西北农林科技大学,中国科学院、水利部水土保持研究所,黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室,陕西杨凌,712100
2. 青海大学农牧学院,西宁,810003 |
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| 基金项目： | 教育部重点项目（109149）、旱区现代节水农业技术创新引智基地项目（111-2-16）及黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室基金项目（10501-206）资助 |
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| 摘 要： | 坡面土壤侵蚀是径流冲刷和坡面抗蚀作用以及地面物质补充能力之间相互作用的复杂过程。本研究采用野外实地放水冲刷实验,研究了20°裸地(CK)及鱼鳞坑(YLK)、苜蓿草地(MXCD)、秸秆覆盖(JGFG)径流调控措施坡面薄层水流剥离土壤颗粒的水动力学过程,并运用水流切应力、单位水流功率、径流动能三种理论进行了详细分析。结果表明:(1)对于裸地和调控措施坡面,输沙率与径流剪切力、径流功率之间均呈现良好线性关系,与水流动能之间呈现良好对数关系;土壤侵蚀发生时均存在临界切应力和临界功率。(2)随放水流量增加,坡面流速迅速增大,导致水流切应力、单位水流功率、径流动能增大,进而水流对土壤颗粒的剥离能力增强,最终土壤侵蚀加剧。总之,三种理论在描述土壤侵蚀过程时各具特点,径流切应力更能详细地揭示土壤颗粒分离过程,而径流动能及功率理论更能简便、准确地描述坡面土壤侵蚀过程。
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| 关 键 词： | 土壤侵蚀 土壤分离过程 水流切应力 单位水流功率 径流动能 |
| 收稿时间： | 2009/7/21 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2009/11/10 0:00:00 |
Hydrodynamic process of soil detachment by surface runoff on loess slope |
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| Wu shufang,Wu Pute,Song Weixiu and Bu Chongfeng.Hydrodynamic process of soil detachment by surface runoff on loess slope[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2010,47(2):223-228. |
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| Authors: | Wu shufang Wu Pute Song Weixiu and Bu Chongfeng |
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| Affiliation: | 1(1 Northwest Sci-Tech University for Agriculture and Forestry, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resource,Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China) (2 Agricultural and Animal Husbandry College, Qinghai University, Xining 810003, China ) |
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| Abstract: | Slope soil erosion is a complex interaction of runoff scouring, slope anti-erosion effects and ground substance supplementing capacity. A field experiment of artificial runoffs was carried out over 20° slopes of barren land (CK), fish-scale pits (Treatment YLK), alfalfa land (Treatment MXCD) and straw-mulch (Treatment JGFG), separately, to study hydrodynamics of the sheet flow scouring soil particles on the slopes and analyze it using the runoff shear stress theory, unit runoff power theory and runoff kinetic energy theory, separately. Results show (1) sediment transport rate was in a good linear relationship with both runoff shear stress and runoff power, and in a good logarithm relationship with water flow energy; critical shear stress and critical power existed throughout the erosion process; (2) with increasing volumn of the flow, velocity of the flow on the slope rose rapidly, thus leading to greater flow shear stress, unit stream power and runoff kinetic energy, and hence greater soil scouring capability of the flow, and eventually aggravation of soil erosion. On the whole the three theories demonstrated their own respective features in describing soil erosion process: the runoff shear stress theory is the best to reveal soil particles detaching process in detail, while the runoff kinetic energy and power theories are fit to describe soil erosion process on slope more simply and more accurately. |
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| Keywords: | Soil erosion Soil particles separation Runoff shear stress Uite runoff power Runoff energy |
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