| 西南地区黄壤坡面径流冲刷过程研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 郭继成,张科利,董建志,代加兵,刘宏远.西南地区黄壤坡面径流冲刷过程研究[J].土壤学报,2013,50(5):1102-1108. |
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| 作者姓名： | 郭继成 张科利 董建志 代加兵 刘宏远 |
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| 作者单位： | 地表过程与资源生态国家重点实验室 北京师范大学地理学与遥感科学学院,地表过程与资源生态国家重点实验室 北京师范大学地理学与遥感科学学院,地表过程与资源生态国家重点实验室 北京师范大学地理学与遥感科学学院,地表过程与资源生态国家重点实验室 北京师范大学地理学与遥感科学学院,地表过程与资源生态国家重点实验室 北京师范大学地理学与遥感科学学院 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金项目（面上项目，重点项目，重大项目） |
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| 摘 要： | 土壤分离是土壤坡面侵蚀产沙的必要途径和重要过程，准确预测土壤分离过程对完善土壤侵蚀物理模型具有重要意义。利用变坡钢槽，在不同坡度（8.8%～46.6%）流量（0.5～2.5 L s-1）组合下，研究了喀斯特地区黄壤分离速率与坡度、流量以及水流剪切力、水流功率、单位水流功率的关系。对比了相同流量典型坡度组合下黄壤与黄土的分离速率差异。研究结果表明，喀斯特地区黄壤的分离速率随坡度和流量的增大而增大；坡度和流量的多元回归分析结果能够很好地预测土壤分离速率值（R2=0.9）。水流功率和单位水流功率与黄壤分离速率呈现较好的幂函数关系，决定系数比较接近（R2=0.83、0.79）；而水流剪切力预测黄壤分离速率较差（R2=0.18）。黄土的土壤分离速率明显大于黄壤，且二者分离速率差异随坡面冲刷流量的增大而增大。尽管坡度、流量、水流功率和单位水流功率都可以很好地预测土壤分离速率，且回归方程形式与国内他人研究相差不大，但方程中表征土壤可蚀性的系数相差较大，体现了黄壤坡面侵蚀过程及其受径流影响作用的特殊性。
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| 关 键 词： | 黄壤 土壤分离速率 水动力参数 |
| 收稿时间： | 2013/1/24 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 6/6/2013 12:00:00 AM |
Study on detachment of Yellow soil by runoff scouring in Southwest of China |
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| Guo Jicheng,Zhang Keli,Dong Jianzhi,Dai Jiabing and Liu Hongyuan.Study on detachment of Yellow soil by runoff scouring in Southwest of China[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2013,50(5):1102-1108. |
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| Authors: | Guo Jicheng Zhang Keli Dong Jianzhi Dai Jiabing and Liu Hongyuan |
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| Affiliation: | State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology,School of Geography and Remote Sensing Science,Beijing Normal University,State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology,School of Geography and Remote Sensing Science,Beijing Normal University,State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology,School of Geography and Remote Sensing Science,Beijing Normal University,State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology,School of Geography and Remote Sensing Science,Beijing Normal University,State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology,School of Geography and Remote Sensing Science,Beijing Normal University |
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| Abstract: | Soil detachment is an unavoidable path and important process of slope soil erosion and sediment yield. Precise prediction of the process of soil detachment is of great significance to the consummation of a physical model for soil erosion. A runoff scouring experiment,designed to have a hydraulic flume,of which the slope gradient is adjustable with the range of 8.8% ~ 46.6%, and various flows (0.5 ~2.5 L s-1) was carried out to study relationships of soil detachment rate with slope,flow, shear stress, stream power and unit stream power on yellow soil slopes in Karst regions, and difference between yellow soil and loess in soil detachment rate in the case of the same flow rate and typical slope of the regions. Results show that the soil detachment rate of yellow soil in the Karst region increases with the flow and slope. Multiple regression analysis of the slopes and flows may be used to predict detachment rate of the soil very well (R2=0.9). Stream power and unit stream power both display good power function relationships with soil detachment rate of the yellow soil, with determination coefficient(R2) being 0.83 and 0.79, respectively. However, flow shear stress is not a good factor to predict soil detachment rate (R2=0.18). In Loess, the soil detachment rate is obviously higher than in yellow soil, and the difference between the two soils in soil detachment rate widens with increasing slope scouring flow. Although flow, slope, stream power and unit stream power all can be used to predict soil detachment rate, and their regression equation differ slightly from those in other domestic researches, the coefficients that characterize soil erodibility in the equations differ sharply, which reflects the particularity of the soil erosion process of yellow earth being affected by its runoff. |
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| Keywords: | Yellow soil Soil detachment rate Hydro-dynamic parameters |
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