| 离子型稀土矿尾砂地植被恢复障碍因子研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 刘文深,刘 畅,王至威,滕文凯,汤叶涛,仇荣亮.离子型稀土矿尾砂地植被恢复障碍因子研究[J].土壤学报,2015,52(4):879-887. |
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| 作者姓名： | 刘文深 刘 畅 王至威 滕文凯 汤叶涛 仇荣亮 |
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| 作者单位： | 中山大学环境科学与工程学院,中山大学环境科学与工程学院,中山大学环境科学与工程学院,中山大学环境科学与工程学院,中山大学环境科学与工程学院,中山大学环境科学与工程学院 |
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| 摘 要： | 以江西省赣州市定南县不同废弃时间的离子型稀土矿尾砂地为研究对象,通过植被调查、土壤理化性质、微生物和酶活性分析,探讨稀土矿尾砂地植被恢复的障碍因子。结果表明,尾砂地植被覆盖度随着废弃时间增加而增加,在废弃10年后植被覆盖度达到72%,但其群落组成仍相对简单(仅3种);尾砂地土壤黏粒含量(6.00%~9.66%)和土壤有机质含量(0.5~1.5 g kg-1)均远低于周边正常植被区,而尾砂地土壤容重(1.26~1.43 g cm-3)则明显高于周边正常植被区。废弃1年的尾砂地土壤电导值显著高于废弃3~10年的尾砂地土壤和对照区土壤,土壤铵态氮和碱解氮含量则高达400 mg kg-1和500 mg kg-1,但废弃3~10年后碱解氮和铵态氮含量已趋于痕量,且在所调查的废弃3年和6年的尾砂地0~100 cm剖面内土壤铵态氮含量也极低,表明尾砂地土壤铵态氮在废弃3年内已流失殆尽,严重的水土流失及其导致的土壤氮素等营养匮乏也是尾砂地植被恢复的主要障碍之一;尾砂地土壤微生物生物量碳(26.7 mg kg-1)、土壤脲酶活性(29.9NH3-Nmg kg-1h-1)、土壤酸性磷酸酶活性(7.10 phenol mg kg-1h-1)均显著低于周边正常植被区土壤,表明尾砂地土壤氮、磷循环受到抑制。本研究表明,废弃3~10年内离子型稀土矿尾砂地的土壤理化生性质并未得到明显改善,尾砂地土壤面临土壤重建的问题,需要引入合适的人工干预如土壤改良才能加快尾砂地植被恢复。
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| 关 键 词： | 离子型稀土矿尾砂地 植被恢复障碍因子 土壤物理结构 土壤铵态氮 土壤酶活性 |
| 收稿时间： | 2014/7/31 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2014/12/19 0:00:00 |
Limiting factors for restoration of dumping sites of ionic rare earth mine tailings |
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| Liu Wenshen,Liu Chang,Wang Zhiwei,Teng Wenkai,Tang Yetao and Qiu Rongliang.Limiting factors for restoration of dumping sites of ionic rare earth mine tailings[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2015,52(4):879-887. |
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| Authors: | Liu Wenshen Liu Chang Wang Zhiwei Teng Wenkai Tang Yetao and Qiu Rongliang |
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| Affiliation: | School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University,School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University,School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University,School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University,School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University,School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University |
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| Abstract: | A field survey was performed of some deserted ionic rare earth mine tailing dumpling sites different in age in the Dingnan County, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, to investigate vegetation composition, soil physico-chemical properties, soil microbial and enzyme activities, in an attempt to explore factors limiting restoration of the dumping sites. Results show that vegetation coverage of the dumping sites increased with the age, reaching 80 % at the sites 10 years after the desertion, but plant composition of the vegetation at the sites remained still quite simple (only three species recorded). In comparison with the surrounding areas with normal vegetation, the sites were much lower in soil organic matter content (0.5~1.5 g kg-1), and clay content (6.00 %~9.66 %), but significantly higher in bulk density (1.26~1.43 g cm-3). The one-year old deserted dumpling sites were much higher in soil electrical conductivity (EC) than those 3~10 years old and the surrounding areas, and moreover, reached as high as 400 mg kg-1 and 500 mg kg-1 in ammonium nitrogen and available nitrogen, while those 3~10 years old tended to be as low as trace, and the sites, 3 and 6 years old, were also extremely low in ammonium nitrogen in the 0~100cm soil layer, indicating that soil ammonium nitrogen in the sites were almost depleted completely to below 10 mg kg-1 within three years. So severe soil erosion and the resultant soil N deficiency are among the main factors limiting restoration of vegetation at the sites. Besides, the soils at the sites were significantly lower than the surrounding areas in soil microbial carbon content (< 26.7 mg kg-1), soil urease activity (< 29.9 NH3-N mg (kg h)-1) and soil acid phosphatase activity (< 7.10 phenol mg (kg h)-1), indicating that soil nitrogen and phosphorus recycling in the soils of the sites was inhibited. The findings of the present study suggest that the soils at the sites did not have much improvement in the years from the 3rd to the 10th physical, chemical and microbial properties. So vegetation restoration at the sites is facing an issue of reconstructing, their soils, which requires some appropriate artificial interventions, like soil amelioration, before vegetation can be restored. |
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| Keywords: | Ionic rare earth mine tailings Limiting factors for vegetation restoration Soil physical structure Soil ammonium nitrogen Soil enzyme activity |
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