| 有机肥等氮替代化肥对玉米产量和氮素吸收利用效率的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 赵吉霞,禹妍彤,周 芸,李永梅,范茂攀.有机肥等氮替代化肥对玉米产量和氮素吸收利用效率的影响[J].水土保持研究,2022,29(5):374-381. |
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| 作者姓名： | 赵吉霞 禹妍彤 周 芸 李永梅 范茂攀 |
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| 作者单位： | (1.云南农业大学 资源与环境学院, 昆明 650201; 2.普洱市思茅区茶叶和特色生物产业发展中心, 云南 普洱 665000) |
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| 摘 要： | 有机肥替施部分化肥是实现我国化肥零增长并保持作物高产稳产的重要途径之一。以等养分条件为基础,研究不同比例有机肥等氮替代基施化肥对玉米产量以及氮素吸收利用的影响,为云南红壤坡耕地有机肥的合理利用及玉米施肥结构的调整提供科学依据。通过田间小区试验,分别设置不施肥处理(CK)、施用100%化肥处理(NPK)及4个基施有机肥等氮替代化肥处理,替代率分别为10%(T1),20%(T2),30%(T3),40%(T4),分析玉米产量、吸氮量以及氮肥利用率等指标在不同施肥处理下的变化情况。结果表明:与NPK处理相比,不同比例有机肥替代化肥的处理能在一定程度上提高玉米籽粒、秸秆生物量,玉米籽粒产量提高达6.07%～19.53%,秸秆生物量提高达2.16%～21.76%,且有机肥替代30%的化肥处理下的玉米籽粒产量和秸秆生物量最高,分别达到7 653 kg/hm2,16 530 kg/hm2,较其他施肥处理有一定的显著性; 有机肥替代化肥的处理均提高了玉米籽粒和秸秆的吸氮量,各施肥处理下的玉米地上部氮素平均积累量从大到小依次为T3(292 kg/hm2)>T2(248 kg/hm2)>T1(212 kg/hm2)>T4(203 kg/hm2)>NPK(176 kg/hm2)>CK(52 kg/hm2),T3处理较NPK,T1,T2,T4处理下的玉米地上部分吸氮量分别提高了39.90%,27.37%,15.01%,30.38%; 与NPK处理相比,有机肥替代化肥的处理均提高了氮肥偏生产力、氮肥贡献率、氮肥表观利用率、氮肥的农学利用率,提高比例分别为5.00%～21.80%,2.44%～9.48%,20.48%～94.02%,7.54%～32.86%,且T3处理下的各氮素利用率指标均显著高于其他施肥处理。综上,有机肥与化肥配施可提高玉米的籽粒产量和生物产量,且提高玉米的吸氮量及氮素利用效率,且以有机肥等氮替代30%基施化肥的配施效果最好,可作为云南红壤坡耕地玉米增产和氮肥增效的合理施肥模式。
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| 关 键 词： | 有机肥替代化肥 玉米产量和生物量 吸氮量 氮素利用效率 |
Effect of Organic Manure Replacing Chemical Nitrogenous Fertilizer on Main Yield and Nitrogen Uptake and Utilization Efficiency |
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| ZHAO Jixia,YU Yantong,ZHOU Yun,LI Yongmei,FAN Maopan.Effect of Organic Manure Replacing Chemical Nitrogenous Fertilizer on Main Yield and Nitrogen Uptake and Utilization Efficiency[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2022,29(5):374-381. |
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| Authors: | ZHAO Jixia YU Yantong ZHOU Yun LI Yongmei FAN Maopan |
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| Affiliation: | (1.College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; 2.Tea and Characteristic Biological Industry Development Center of Simao District, Puer, Yunnan 665000, China) |
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| Abstract: | Replacing certain amount of chemical nutrients with organic manure is an important way to achieve stable and increase crop yield accompanying with zero-increase of fertilizer in China. We studied the effects of organic fertilizer replacing chemical fertilizer with equal nitrogen on maize productivity and nitrogen uptake and utilization efficiency, in order to provide scientific evidence about rational utilization organic resources and adjust maize fertilization pattern in slope cultivated land of red soil in Yunnan. Field plot experiments were conducted, and six treatments with no fertilization control(CK), 100% chemical fertilizer(NPK), and 10%(T1), 20%(T2), 30%(T3), 40%(T4)ratio of organic fertilizer replacing chemical fertilizer were used to analyze the changes of maize yield, nitrogen uptake and nitrogen use efficiency under different fertilization treatments. According to findings, compared with NPK treatment, the treatment of chemical fertilizers replaced by organic fertilizer at different proportions helps increase corn kernel, straw biomass and corn kernel yield by 6.07%～19.53%, and straw biomass by 2.16%～21.76%. In addition, when 30% of chemical fertilizer is replaced with organic fertilizer, increases of corn kernel yield and straw biomass are the highest, reaching up to 7 653 kg/hm2 and 16 530 kg/hm2, respectively, which is more significant than other fertilization treatments. The treatments(replacing chemical fertilizers with organic fertilizers)all improve corn kernels and nitrogen uptake of straws. Under different treatments, average accumulation of aboveground nitrogen decreased in the order: T3(292 kg/hm2)>T2(248 kg/hm2)>T1(212 kg/hm2)>T4(203 kg/hm2)>NPK(176 kg/hm2)>CK(52 kg/hm2). In particular, compared with NPK, T1, T2, and T4 treatments, nitrogen uptake in upper part of corn field under T3 treatment is increased by 39.90%, 27.37%, 15.01%, and 30.38%, respectively. Compared with NPK treatment, the treatment of replacing fertilizer with organic fertilizer raises nitrogen partial productivities(PFPN), nitrogen contribution rate(FCRN), nitrogen apparent recovery efficiency(REN), nitrogen agronomic efficiency(AEN)by 5%～21.80%, 2.44%～9.48%, 20.48%～94.02%, 7.54%～32.86%, respectively. However, under T3 treatment, the nitrogen use efficiency indexes are dramatically higher than other fertilization treatments. In summary, it is able to increase corn kernel yield and biological yield of corn through combined application of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer, so are nitrogen uptake and nitrogen utilization efficiency of corn. The effect is the best under combined application of replacing 30% basal fertilizer with organic fertilizer and other nitrogen. Therefore, this treatment can be adopted as a reasonable fertilization model for increasing maize yield and nitrogen fertilizer efficiency in red-soil slope arable lands in Yunnan. |
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| Keywords: | organic manure replacing chemical fertilizer maize yield and biomass nitrogen accumulation N efficiency |
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