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氮肥后移促进受渍夏玉米根系形态恢复和提高花后光合性能
引用本文:武文明,王世济,陈洪俭,崔权仁,竟丽丽.氮肥后移促进受渍夏玉米根系形态恢复和提高花后光合性能[J].中国生态农业学报,2017,25(7):1008-1015.
作者姓名:武文明  王世济  陈洪俭  崔权仁  竟丽丽
作者单位:安徽省农业科学院烟草研究所/玉米研究中心 合肥 230031
基金项目:安徽省农业科学院学科建设基金项目(16A0927, 15A0926)资助
摘    要:江淮地区受梅雨影响,玉米苗期易发生渍害,如何通过合理运筹氮肥达到减灾效果值得研究。以夏玉米品种‘隆平206’为试验材料,研究不同氮肥运筹方式氮肥全部基施(N1)、基肥70%+拔节肥30%(N2)、基肥50%+拔节肥50%(N3)和基肥30%+拔节肥50%+大喇叭口肥20%(N4)]对苗期受渍夏玉米根系形态和花后光合性能恢复的影响,以期为苗期受渍夏玉米合理施肥提供理论依据。结果表明,苗期渍水7 d抑制根系生长,根重、根长度、根表面积和根直径均显著降低,渍水对根系形态指标抑制效应表现为:根长度根表面积根直径。氮肥后移对渍水后根系生长有显著的补偿效应,氮肥后移量增加,根重、根长度和根表面积显著增加。渍水胁迫解除后18 d,N1-N4处理根长度较渍水前提高1.9~5.1倍,根表面积提高6.3~10.3倍,根直径提高0.7~1.0倍,氮肥后移对根系形态指标补偿生长效应强弱表现为:根表面积根长度根直径。渍水使群体叶面积系数降低9.3%~22.5%,氮肥后移可提高群体叶面积系数,较全部基施处理提高3.2%~20.7%。苗期渍水7 d显著降低灌浆期间穗位叶片的光合能力,净光合速率下降,灌浆中期和末期净光合速率分别下降16.1%和28.9%,灌浆后期光合能力下降幅度高于对照,非气孔限制是导致渍水胁迫下净光合速率下降的主要原因。渍水胁迫下,氮肥后移处理改善了穗位叶光合性能,光合能力优于氮肥前移处理。在苗期易导致渍害的地区适当减少基肥比例,后移氮素至拔节期和大喇叭口期,能够对受渍夏玉米起到较好的补偿生长效应。

关 键 词:夏玉米  渍水  氮肥后移  根系生长  光合特性
收稿时间:2016/10/26 0:00:00
修稿时间:2017/3/3 0:00:00

Postponed nitrogen application enhances root morphology recovery and photosynthetic characteristics of summer maize waterlogging stressed at seedling stage
WU Wenming,WANG Shiji,CHEN Hongjian,CUI Quanren and JING Lili.Postponed nitrogen application enhances root morphology recovery and photosynthetic characteristics of summer maize waterlogging stressed at seedling stage[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2017,25(7):1008-1015.
Authors:WU Wenming  WANG Shiji  CHEN Hongjian  CUI Quanren and JING Lili
Affiliation:Tobacco Research Institute/Maize Research Center, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China,Tobacco Research Institute/Maize Research Center, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China,Tobacco Research Institute/Maize Research Center, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China,Tobacco Research Institute/Maize Research Center, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China and Tobacco Research Institute/Maize Research Center, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
Abstract:Maize is one of the main summer crops in Anhui Province. However, maize production in this region is often sub-jected to waterlogging stress at seedling stage. Nitrogen (N) is a key nutrient that influencing growth, yield and quality of maize, but what role it plays in relieving waterlogging stress on summer maize remains unclear. Thus field experiments were carried out to determine the effect of N application on the recovery of root morphology and photosynthetic characteristics of summer maize cultivar 'Longping 206' after waterlogging stress at seedling stage. Under both waterlogging and control (nor-mal water) conditions, four treatments of different N application rates at land preparation, jointing stage, and big flare stage (N1: 10:0:0; N2: 7:3:0; N3: 5:5:0 and N4: 3:5:2) were set with a total N amount of 240 kg·hm-2. The results showed that waterlogging stress at seedling stage significantly inhibited maize root growth. Root weight, length, surface area and diameter significantly decreased compared with those of the control. The degree of inhibiting effect on root morphology was in the order of total root length > root surface area > root diameter. Delayed N application had a compensation effect on root growth after waterlogging. Eighteen days after waterlogging, total root length of N1 to N4 treatments increased by 1.9-5.1 folds that before waterlogging. Root surface area and diameter increased by 6.3-10.3 folds and 0.7-1.0 folds, respectively. The degree of compensation effect of delayed N application on root morphology was in the order of root surface area > total root length > root diameter. Waterlogging stress at seedling stage significantly decreased leaf area index (LAI) at spinning stage by a range of 9.3%-22.5%. Compared with N1 treatment, N2, N3 and N4 treatments increased LAI within 3.2%-20.7% under waterlogging treatment. Waterlogging induced a noticeable decline inPn, respectively by 16.1% and 28.9% compared with the control at mid grain-filling and late grain-filling stages. At late grain-filling stage,Pn decreased faster than that of control. Under waterlogging stress, non-stomatal restriction was the main factor driving the decline of photosynthetic capacity. More-over, delayed N application improved photosynthetic capacity of ear leaf, which photosynthetic capacity was better than basal N application. In conclusion, the morphological characteristics of root and leaf along with the photosynthetic characteristics of maize under waterlogging responded positively to delayed N supplication. Therefore to improve the growth of maize in the study area (which could be affected by waterlogging at seedling stage), it was recommended to apply N at jointing and big-flare stages.
Keywords:Summer maize  Waterlogging  Delayed nitrogen application  Root growth  Photosynthetic characteristics
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