| 减氮和机械侧深施肥对机插杂交稻产量及氮素吸收利用的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 伍杂日曲,郭长春,李飞杰,吕旭,舒川海,孙永健,杨志远,马均.减氮和机械侧深施肥对机插杂交稻产量及氮素吸收利用的影响[J].核农学报,2022,36(5):1034-1041. |
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| 作者姓名： | 伍杂日曲 郭长春 李飞杰 吕旭 舒川海 孙永健 杨志远 马均 |
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| 作者单位： | 四川农业大学水稻研究所/作物生理生态及栽培四川省重点实验室,四川 成都 611130 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0301706)； |
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| 摘 要： | 为探究侧深减量施缓释肥对水稻生长、氮素利用及土壤肥力等的影响,本研究以两系杂交稻品种晶两优534和三系杂交稻品种宜香优2115为供试材料,通过设置R150(一次性机械侧深施缓释肥150 kg·hm-2)、R120(一次性机械侧深减氮20%施缓释肥120 kg·hm-2)、R96N24 (基肥侧深施缓释肥96 kg·hm-2, 穗肥撒施尿素24 kg·hm-2)、N150(基肥人工撒施尿素90 kg·hm-2,穗肥撒施尿素60 kg·hm-2)、N0(不施氮肥)5种不同的氮肥施用处理,分析机械侧深减氮施肥对机插稻产量形成和氮素吸收利用效率的影响。结果表明,与常规施肥相比,侧深施用缓释肥显著提高了机插稻分蘖数、氮素积累量、氮肥利用率和土壤肥力,对机插稻产量和氮素利用存在显著影响。侧深施缓释肥显著提高了机插稻的有效穗数和每穗粒数,两品种均以一次性机械侧深施用常规施氮量缓释肥处理(R150)的产量最高,比2次人工撒施常规尿素处理(N150)平均增产13.05%。采用机械侧深施肥,减氮20%的“基缓追速”处理(R96N24)产量均高于与人工撒施常规施氮量处理(N150)。R96N24的氮肥农学利用率、氮肥吸收利用率和产量均高于N150。综上所述,与人工撒施常规尿素相比,采用机械侧深施基肥能保证水稻整个生育期对氮素的需求,显著提高机插稻氮素利用率;缓释肥减量20%侧深施可保持土壤肥力和产量不减,达到减氮稳产的目的。本研究结果为机插稻优质绿色高效生产提供了理论依据和实践指导。
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| 关 键 词： | 侧深施肥 机插秧 杂交水稻 产量 氮肥利用率 |
| 收稿时间： | 2021-06-05 |
Effects of Nitrogen Reduction and Mechanical Side-Deep Fertilization on Yield and Nitrogen Uptake and Utilization of Mechanically Transplanted Hybrid Rice |
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| WUZA Riqu,GUO Changchun,LI Feijie,LYU Xu,SHU Chuanhai,SUN Yongjian,YANG Zhiyuan,MA Jun.Effects of Nitrogen Reduction and Mechanical Side-Deep Fertilization on Yield and Nitrogen Uptake and Utilization of Mechanically Transplanted Hybrid Rice[J].Acta Agriculturae Nucleatae Sinica,2022,36(5):1034-1041. |
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| Authors: | WUZA Riqu GUO Changchun LI Feijie LYU Xu SHU Chuanhai SUN Yongjian YANG Zhiyuan MA Jun |
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| Affiliation: | Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University/Crop Ecophysiology and Cultivation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130 |
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| Abstract: | In order to explore the effects of slow-release fertilizer with N reduction and side deep fertilization on rice growth, nitrogen utilization and soil fertility, two-line hybrid rice Jingliangyou 534 and three-line hybrid rice Yixiangyou 2115 were used as test materials in this study. Different nitrogen application treatments were set, namely, R150 (150 kg·hm-2 slow-release fertilizer with one-time side deep mechanical application), R120 (120 kg·hm-2 slow-release fertilizer with one-time side deep mechanical application and 20% nitrogen reduction), R96N24 (96 kg·hm-2slow-release fertilizer with side deep mechanical of basic fertilizer, 24 kg·hm-2urea with scattered panicle fertilizer), N150 (90 kg·hm-2 urea with scattered panicle fertilizer, 60 kg·hm-2urea with scattered panicle fertilizer) and N0 (no nitrogen application). The effects of nitrogen reduction and mechanical side-deep fertilization on yield formation and nitrogen uptake and utilization efficiency of mechanically transplanted rice were analyzed.The results showed that compared with conventional fertilization, the application of slow-release fertilizer in lateral depth significantly increased the tiller number, nitrogen accumulation, nitrogen use efficiency and soil fertility of mechanical transplanting rice, and had significant effects on the yield and nitrogen use of mechanical transplanting rice. The application of slow-release fertilizer in lateral depth significantly increased the effective panicle number and grain number per panicle of mechanically transplanted rice. The yield of the two varieties was the highest under the R150 treatment with one-time mechanical lateral depth application of slow-release fertilizer with conventional nitrogen application rate, which was 13.05% higher than that under the N150 treatment with twice artificial application of conventional urea. There was no significant difference in yield between R96N24 and R120 treatments with 20% nitrogen reduction and N150 treatment with conventional nitrogen application. The nitrogen agronomic efficiency, nitrogen absorption efficiency and yield of R96N24 treatment were higher than those of N150 treatment. In summary, compared with the conventional urea application by artificial seeding, the application of mechanical side deep basal fertilizer can ensure the demand for nitrogen in the whole growth period of rice, and significantly improve the nitrogen utilization rate of mechanical transplanting rice. The reduction of slow-release fertilizer by 20% in lateral depth could maintain soil fertility and yield, and achieve the purpose of reducing nitrogen and increasing yield.The results of this study provide theoretical guidance and practical basis for high-quality green production of mechanical transplanting rice. |
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| Keywords: | side-deep side fertilization machine-transplanted rice hybrid rice grain yield nitrogen use efficiency |
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