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坡面径流剪切力分布及其与土壤剥蚀率关系的试验研究
引用本文:杨春霞,姚文艺,肖培青,王玲玲,申震洲.坡面径流剪切力分布及其与土壤剥蚀率关系的试验研究[J].中国水土保持科学,2010,8(6):53-57.
作者姓名:杨春霞  姚文艺  肖培青  王玲玲  申震洲
作者单位:黄河水利委员会黄河水利科学研究院,水利部黄河泥沙重点实验室,郑州450003
基金项目:国家重点基础研究发展规划(973)专题,水利部公益性行业科研专项经费专题,水利部黄河泥沙重点实验室基金
摘    要: 径流剪切力是建立土壤侵蚀过程模型重要的水动力学参数,研究径流剪切力和土壤侵蚀产沙相关关系具有重要理论和实践意义。以径流冲刷模拟试验为研究手段,研究不同流量和不同坡度组合条件下坡面侵蚀过程中径流剪切力的分布特征,并对应分析土壤剥蚀率与各阶段径流临界剪切力的相关关系。结果表明:不同试验条件下,坡面侵蚀发育各阶段径流剪切力和土壤剥蚀率随冲刷流量的增加而增加,随小区坡度的变化受临界坡度影响;土壤剥蚀率与放水流量、坡度和径流剪切力等多因子呈线性相关,与流量或坡度的大小呈正比,与径流剪切力的大小呈反比;土壤剥蚀率与各径流剪切力单因子呈幂函数或指数函数相关,随径流剪切力的增加呈增加趋势;坡面产生跌坎时的临界剪切力和坡面径流平均剪切力均可以作为土壤侵蚀预测参数。

关 键 词:剪切力  剥蚀率  径流冲刷  预测模型

Distribution of shear stress and the relationship between soil detachment rate and shear stress under experiments
Yang Chunxia,Yao Wenyi,Xiao Peiqing,Wang Lingling,Shen Zhenzhou.Distribution of shear stress and the relationship between soil detachment rate and shear stress under experiments[J].Science of Soil and Water Conservation,2010,8(6):53-57.
Authors:Yang Chunxia  Yao Wenyi  Xiao Peiqing  Wang Lingling  Shen Zhenzhou
Affiliation:(Yellow River Institute of Hydraulic Research,YRCC,Key Laboratory of Yellow River Sediment Research,MWR,450003,Zhengzhou,China)
Abstract:Shear stress is an important hydrodynamic parameter in the establishment of soil erosion prediction model,so it has very important theoretical and practical significance to study the relationship between shear stress and erosion;Using simulated runoff-scouring experiments,the shear stress characteristics under different erosion process and different conditions were studied,and the correlations between shear stress and soil detachment rate were analyzed.The result shows that shear stress under different erosion process and soil detachment rate increase indirect proportion with the flow,but with the change of slope affected by the critical slope under different experiment conditions;Soil detachment rate is linear correlation with the flow,the slope and the shear stress,the relationship between which shows that the soil detachment rate increases indirect proportion with the flow and slope,and inversely proportional to shear stress;soil detachment rate was power-function or exponential-relationship associated with shear stress under different erosion process;shear stress when the pit appeared and the average of the runoff process can be used as soil erosion prediction.
Keywords:shear stress  soil detachment rate  runoff scouring experiments  prediction model
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