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生物质炭还田对稻田甲烷的减排效果
引用本文:蒋 晨,麻培侠,胡保国,赵海侠,方晓波,李 松,任景明.生物质炭还田对稻田甲烷的减排效果[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(15):184-191.
作者姓名:蒋 晨  麻培侠  胡保国  赵海侠  方晓波  李 松  任景明
作者单位:1. 浙江农林大学环境与资源学院,杭州 311300;1. 浙江农林大学环境与资源学院,杭州 311300;1. 浙江农林大学环境与资源学院,杭州 311300;1. 浙江农林大学环境与资源学院,杭州 311300;1. 浙江农林大学环境与资源学院,杭州 311300;1. 浙江农林大学环境与资源学院,杭州 3113002. 环境保护部环境工程评估中心,北京 100012;2. 环境保护部环境工程评估中心,北京 100012
基金项目:国家水专项子课题(No. 2008ZX07101-006-02-05);环保部公益项目(201309035-8);校人才启动项目(2010FR035)
摘    要:为探讨不同生物质炭类型、输入量、还田时间和还田深度等因素作用下的CH4排放特征,采用静态箱-气相色谱法,通过向稻田土壤中施用3种类型的生物质炭(稻秆炭、麦秆炭、竹炭),开展了水稻一个生长周期的室内观测试验。结果表明,3种类型的生物质炭输入后,对比空白处理,水稻产量显著性增加(P<0.05),其中竹炭处理每盆实粒质量高达18.12 g,说明施用生物质炭可增加水稻产量;竹炭施用后稻田土壤CH4排放通量(80 mg/m2 h)显著低于稻杆炭和麦杆炭处理(P<0.05),而稻杆炭和麦杆炭处理无显著性差异(P>0.05),但都显著高于空白处理(P<0.05),说明施用生物质炭可有效减少CH4排放。CH4排放通量与生物质炭用量负相关,CH4的排放通量随着生物质炭用量的逐渐增加而降低。同时,水稻移植前施用竹炭CH4排放通量(56.6 mg/m2 h)低于空白(96 mg/m2 h)及水稻成活前后(73.4和76.6 mg/m2 h),但无显著性差异(P>0.05),这与土壤氧化还原电位(Eh)变化相一致,说明生物质炭施用时间对稻田土壤CH4排放通量影响不大。此外,不同竹炭还田深度下的土壤CH4排放通量顺序为:中部输入(15 cm处输入)<表层输入(5 cm处输入)<深部输入(25 cm处输入)<空白(不输入生物质炭),说明生物质炭中部输入更适用微生物生长和CH4气体减排。该研究可为太湖地区苕溪流域稻田增汇和温室气体减排提供参考。

关 键 词:甲烷,土壤,炭,生物质炭,排放通量
收稿时间:2013/1/25 0:00:00
修稿时间:7/1/2013 12:00:00 AM

Effect of biochar returning to paddy field on CH4 emission reduction
Jiang Chen,Ma Peixi,Hu Baoguo,Zhao Haixi,Fang Xiaobo,Li Song and Ren Jingming.Effect of biochar returning to paddy field on CH4 emission reduction[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2013,29(15):184-191.
Authors:Jiang Chen  Ma Peixi  Hu Baoguo  Zhao Haixi  Fang Xiaobo  Li Song and Ren Jingming
Affiliation:1. School of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China;1. School of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China;1. School of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China;1. School of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China;1. School of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China;1. School of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China2. Assessment Center of Environment Engineering,Ministry of Environmental Protection of China, Beijing 100012, China;2. Assessment Center of Environment Engineering,Ministry of Environmental Protection of China, Beijing 100012, China
Abstract:Abstract: Biochar returning may be an important way to deal with climate change for mankind. To investigate the effects of different biochar types, returning amount, returning time and returning depth on CH4 emission, a greenhouse experiment of CH4 emissions with three different biochar, namely rice carbon (RC), wheat carbon (WC), bamboo carbon (BC) applied on the paddy field and no biochar application as a control (CK), was conducted by using the static chamber-GC (gas chromatography) method during the rice growing season (2011-2012). The results showed that the yield was significantly increased (P<0.05) after different biochar returning compared with the control treatment(CK), and the highest filled grain weight of BC treatment reached 18.12 g per pot, which showed biochar returning can effectively increase rice yield. The CH4 emission flux of BC treatment was significantly higher (P<0.05) than that of WC and RC treatments, and for the later two treatments, there were no significant differences (P>0.05), but they were significant higher (P<0.05) than that of CK, which showed biochar returning can decrease CH4 emission efficiently. A linear negative correlation was found between CH4 emission flux and biochar application amount, and CH4 emission flux declined gradually with the increase of the cycle of biochar returning amount. Meanwhile, the CH4 emission flux of bamboo carbon (BC) returning before rice transplantation (BRT, 56.6 mg·m-2·h-1) was not significant lower (P>0.05) than those of CK (96 mg·m-2·h-1) and before rice survival (BRS,73.4 mg·m-2·h-1) or after rice survival(ARS, 76.6 mg·m-2·h-1), which was consistent to the change of soil redox potential (Eh) and showed biochar returning time has little effect on CH4 emission flux. In addition, the sequence of CH4 emission flux in different biochar returning depth was on the order of middle returning(MR)
Keywords:methane(CH4)  soils  carbon  biochar  emission flux
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