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晋西黄土区切沟断面特征及体积估算模型
引用本文:李镇,张岩,尚国琲,齐菲,马庆涛,李耀坤.晋西黄土区切沟断面特征及体积估算模型[J].农业工程学报,2018,34(6):152-159.
作者姓名:李镇  张岩  尚国琲  齐菲  马庆涛  李耀坤
作者单位:1.河北地质大学土地资源与城乡规划学院,石家庄 050031;,2.北京林业大学水土保持学院,北京 100083,1.河北地质大学土地资源与城乡规划学院,石家庄 050031;,1.河北地质大学土地资源与城乡规划学院,石家庄 050031;,1.河北地质大学土地资源与城乡规划学院,石家庄 050031;,1.河北地质大学土地资源与城乡规划学院,石家庄 050031;
基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(41601274)
摘    要:断面特征不仅能反映切沟发育环境因子,亦有助于揭示切沟侵蚀规律;体积是表征切沟侵蚀量的关键参数,建立体积估算模型对大空间尺度切沟侵蚀定量研究有重要意义。该文选取晋西黄土区蔡家川流域为研究区,利用三维激光扫描全站仪获取31条切沟地形数据,构建切沟高精度地面高程模型(DEM),分析切沟断面特征,建立体积估算模型。研究结果表明:(1)切沟顶宽、底宽、沟深和断面面积的均值分别为9.0 m、3.8 m、6.2 m和41.8 m2,切沟断面参数值从沟头、沟中到沟口均逐渐增大,仅沟深差异不显著;断面顶宽与沟深之比的均值为1.55,说明切沟横向侵蚀速率大于沟底下切速率;与沟中、沟口相比,沟头宽深比最小。(2)回归分析显示,晋西黄土区切沟体积(V)与沟长(L)及面积(A)之间均具有显著的幂函数关系,方程的决定系数分别为0.68和0.85;平均相对误差和纳什系数显示,与V–L模型相比,V–A在预测切沟体积上更具优势。因此,建议将回归方程V=1.7097A1.1356作为晋西黄土区切沟体积估算的模型。该研究结果可为大空间尺度切沟侵蚀定量模拟、空间分布制图等提供方法和依据。

关 键 词:遥感  侵蚀  模型  切沟  断面形态参数  估算  三维扫描  DEM  晋西黄土区
收稿时间:2017/11/2 0:00:00
修稿时间:2018/3/1 0:00:00

Characterizing gully cross section and modelling gully volume in hilly loess region of western Shanxi Province
Li Zhen,Zhang Yan,Shang Guofei,Qi Fei,Ma Qingtao and Li Yaokun.Characterizing gully cross section and modelling gully volume in hilly loess region of western Shanxi Province[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2018,34(6):152-159.
Authors:Li Zhen  Zhang Yan  Shang Guofei  Qi Fei  Ma Qingtao and Li Yaokun
Affiliation:1.School of Land Resources and Urban and Rural Planning, Hebei GEO University, Shijiazhuang, 050031,China;,2.School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China,1.School of Land Resources and Urban and Rural Planning, Hebei GEO University, Shijiazhuang, 050031,China;,1.School of Land Resources and Urban and Rural Planning, Hebei GEO University, Shijiazhuang, 050031,China;,1.School of Land Resources and Urban and Rural Planning, Hebei GEO University, Shijiazhuang, 050031,China; and 1.School of Land Resources and Urban and Rural Planning, Hebei GEO University, Shijiazhuang, 050031,China;
Abstract:Abstract: Morphological characteristics of gully cross section are important in reflecting environmental factors of the development of the gully and understanding the mechanism of the gully erosion. Gully volume is a key parameter representing gully erosion amount, and the estimation model of the gully volume is the basic issue in the research of gully erosion. However, it has been rarely published as to characterizing gully cross section and modeling gully volume for the hilly loess region of western Shanxi Province, which has restricted the survey and evaluation of the regional soil erosion. The aim of this paper was to explore the features of the gully cross section, and to build a model to assess the gully volume with gully parameters that may be determined by high resolution satellite images. In this research, a 3-D (three-dimensional) laser scanner (TOPCON IS-IMAGING STATION) was used to measure the parameters of 31 dissected valleys, and an interval between 2 measurement points was set as 0.15 m. Then the DEM (digital elevation model) with the pixel size of 0.15 m × 0.15 m was created based on Delaunay triangulate irregular network (TIN) using ArcGIS 10.1. The morphological parameters were extracted from DEM and finally the volume, gully length, gully area, top width, bottom width, depth and cross-sectional area were calculated. The results showed that the maximum, minimum and average values of the gully top width were 19.8, 4.8, and 9.0 m, respectively; those of gully bottom width were 15.0, 0.4, and 3.8 m, respectively; those of gully depth were 10.9, 2.5, and 6.2 m, respectively; and those of cross-sectional area were 9.7, 139.2, and 41.8 m2, respectively. The values of top width, bottom width, depth and cross-sectional area at the gully mouth were higher than that at the gully head and middle, and, sequentially, there was no significant difference except the depth among gully head, gully middle and gully mouth with one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The ratio of gully top width to depth ranged between 0.37 and 5.0, with an average of 1.55, which was greater than 1, indicating the gully-wall collapsing was faster than the deep-cutting erosion. Among gully head, gully middle and gully mouth, the minimum value of the ratio of gully top width to depth was in the gully head. The regression analysis showed that there was a very prominent relationship of power function between gully volume and gully length, gully area, and the determination coefficients of the regression equation were 0.68 and 0.85, respectively, indicating the gully length and the gully area can be used to estimate the gully erosion rate at the large spatial scales because they can be easily determined from very high-resolution satellite images. The relative error and Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency between the measured and predicted gully volumes suggested that the gully volume-area relationship had a better predictive ability for the gully volume, and therefore the corresponding equation can be used to assess the gully volume in the hilly loess region of the western Shanxi Province. The results in this paper have a number of potential applications in modeling and mapping the gully erosion over a large scale, and will be critically helpful in the assessment of the soil and water conservation.
Keywords:remote sensing  erosion  model  gullies  cross section characteristics  estimation  3D-scanner  DEM  Hilly Loess Plateau
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