| 黄土高原典型流域水沙变化归因对比分析 |
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| 引用本文： | 蒋凯鑫,于坤霞,曹文洪,张晓明,李鹏,孙倩,刘昱.黄土高原典型流域水沙变化归因对比分析[J].农业工程学报,2020,36(4):143-149. |
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| 作者姓名： | 蒋凯鑫 于坤霞 曹文洪 张晓明 李鹏 孙倩 刘昱 |
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| 作者单位： | 西安理工大学省部共建西北旱区生态水利国家重点实验室,西安 710048;西安理工大学旱区生态水文与灾害防治国家林业局重点实验室,西安 710048;中国水利水电科学研究院泥沙所流域水循环模拟与调控国家重点实验室,北京,100048 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金面上项目（51879281，41877077）；国家重点研发计划（2016YFC0402407） |
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| 摘 要： | 近几十年来,黄河中游黄土高原地区水沙变化显著。众多学者以该地区典型流域无定河开展了大量研究,但局限于方法的突破而忽视了方法间的对比分析。为此,该研究采用双累积曲线法、水文法、弹性系数法和水保法对无定河流域1957—2010年水沙变化进行归因对比分析。结果表明:无定河流域年降水量未发生显著变化,年潜在蒸散发、年径流量和年输沙量呈显著减少趋势且突变年份依次为1982、1971、1971年。径流归因对比分析表明,水文法与弹性系数法结果较为接近,水保法人类活动贡献率偏小;输沙归因对比分析表明,水保法与其他3种方法结果一致。归因分析表明,人类活动是流域水沙变化的主控因素且逐年增强,人类活动中对径流变化起主导作用的是灌溉引水和造林;对输沙变化起主导作用的是淤地坝和造林。淤地坝的淤满或失效对流域水保措施减水减沙效益影响较大。因此,未来无定河流域的治理应继续落实退耕还林还草政策,并加强淤地坝等工程措施的布局优化和后期维护。
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| 关 键 词： | 径流 流域 输沙 黄土高原 无定河 归因对比分析 |
| 收稿时间： | 2019/7/8 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2019/10/16 0:00:00 |
Attributional comparative analysis of runoff and sediment change in typical basin of Loess Plateau |
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| Jiang Kaixin,Yu Kunxi,Cao Wenhong,Zhang Xiaoming,Li Peng,Sun Qian and Liu Yu.Attributional comparative analysis of runoff and sediment change in typical basin of Loess Plateau[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2020,36(4):143-149. |
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| Authors: | Jiang Kaixin Yu Kunxi Cao Wenhong Zhang Xiaoming Li Peng Sun Qian and Liu Yu |
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| Affiliation: | 1. State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region of China, Xi''an University of Technology, Xi''an 710048, China; 2. Key Laboratory of National Forestry Administration on Ecological Hydrology and Disaster Prevention in Arid Regions, Xi''an University of Technology, Xi''an 710048, China;,1. State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region of China, Xi''an University of Technology, Xi''an 710048, China; 2. Key Laboratory of National Forestry Administration on Ecological Hydrology and Disaster Prevention in Arid Regions, Xi''an University of Technology, Xi''an 710048, China;,3. State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100048, China,3. State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100048, China,1. State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region of China, Xi''an University of Technology, Xi''an 710048, China; 2. Key Laboratory of National Forestry Administration on Ecological Hydrology and Disaster Prevention in Arid Regions, Xi''an University of Technology, Xi''an 710048, China;,1. State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region of China, Xi''an University of Technology, Xi''an 710048, China; 2. Key Laboratory of National Forestry Administration on Ecological Hydrology and Disaster Prevention in Arid Regions, Xi''an University of Technology, Xi''an 710048, China; and 1. State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region of China, Xi''an University of Technology, Xi''an 710048, China; 2. Key Laboratory of National Forestry Administration on Ecological Hydrology and Disaster Prevention in Arid Regions, Xi''an University of Technology, Xi''an 710048, China; |
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| Abstract: | Abstract: In recent decades, the runoff and sediment of the Yellow River middle reaches located in the Loess Plateau have changed significantly. Many scholars have carried out a lot of researches on the Wuding River, a typical basin of the Loess Plateau, but these researches are focused on the breakthrough of methods and ignore the comparative analysis among methods. This study compared the difference of four methods, i.e., double cumulative curve method, hydrological method, elastic coefficient method and soil and water conservation method, to conduct attributional comparative analysis of runoff and sediment change in the Wuding River Basin from 1957 to 2010. Both double cumulative curve method and hydrological method separate the influence of climate change and human activity by substituting the precipitation data in the research period into the precipitation-runoff and precipitation-sediment transport relationships established in the reference period, and the hydrological method takes into account the annual distribution of precipitation. The elastic coefficient method generates runoff and sediment elasticities to quantify the effects of climate change and human activities. The soil and water conservation method refers to determining the runoff and sediment reduction indicators of each measure under different conditions and periods in different geomorphic areas. The results of trend and change point analysis showed that the annual precipitation in the Wuding River Basin has not changed significantly. The annual potential evaporation, annual runoff and annual sediment transport decreased significantly and the year of change point was 1982, 1971 and 1971, respectively. The attributional comparative analysis of runoff showed that the results of hydrological method were close to those of elastic coefficient method, and the contribution rate of human activities of soil and water conservation method was relatively small, and the attributional comparative analysis of sediment transport showed that the results of soil and water conservation method were consistent with those of the other three methods. Attribution analysis results indicated human activities were the dominant factor of runoff and sediment change in the basin, and their effects on runoff and sediment change were increasing year by year. Among different human activities, irrigation water diversion and afforestation played a leading role in runoff change, and check dam and afforestation played a leading role in sediment transport change. The full up or failure of check dam built in the 1970s and 1980s would largely weaken the runoff and sediment reduction benefits of water conservancy and soil conservation measures in the short term. In the long term, the impact of ecological construction, such as returning cultivated land to forestland or grassland, on runoff and sediment transport will gradually play a major role. Therefore, in the future, the governance of the Wuding River Basin should continue to implement the policy of conversion of cropland to forest and grassland, and strengthen the layout optimization and post-maintenance of engineering measures such as check dam. |
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| Keywords: | runoff watershed sediment transport Loess Plateau Wuding River basin attributional comparative analysis |
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