| 萘乙酸和邻氨甲酰苯甲酸对玉米花后养分吸收及转运的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 王志远,罗裳,韩永亮,栗晗,赵婷婷,杨兰.萘乙酸和邻氨甲酰苯甲酸对玉米花后养分吸收及转运的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2022,28(1):127-137. |
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| 作者姓名： | 王志远 罗裳 韩永亮 栗晗 赵婷婷 杨兰 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.湖南农业大学资源环境学院，湖南长沙 410128 |
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| 基金项目： | 湖南省自然科学基金青年项目(2019JJ50242);湖南省教育厅科学研究项目(18K043);湖南农业大学青年科学基金项目资助(18QN09)。 |
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| 摘 要： | 【目的】 研究喷施萘乙酸(NAA)和生长素抑制剂(邻氨甲酰苯甲酸，NPA)对玉米花后营养元素吸收及转移的调节作用，为实现不同玉米生产目的效率提供技术手段。 【方法】 首先以玉米品种郑单958为供试材料进行田间试验，在玉米吐丝期，设叶片喷施萘乙酸0.05、0.1和0.5 mmol/L 3个处理，成熟期测产，确定了萘乙酸的适宜喷施浓度为0.05～0.1 mmol/L。设置盆栽试验，研究NAA和NPA对不同库源条件下养分吸收转运的影响。在玉米吐丝前，将玉米分为两组，一组正常授粉，另一组在雌穗上套袋抑制授粉；并在吐丝期设置叶片喷施0.1 mmol/L NAA处理、0.1 mmol/L NPA处理和清水对照。在玉米吐丝期和成熟期采样，测定不同部位氮、磷、钾及微量元素含量。 【结果】 较低浓度(0.05 mmol/L、0.1 mmol/L)萘乙酸处理能显著提高玉米籽粒产量、百粒重及收获指数，0.1 mmol/L NAA处理较清水处理分别提高了14.3%、14.2%和8.9%。源库关系的改变对花后干物质积累及元素吸收和转运的影响较NAA和NPA的影响大。增加源库比，吐丝前营养器官中养分转运量减少，积累增加；磷、钾、铜、锰元素花后积累及转运对萘乙酸及其抑制剂响应敏感，其中NAA使花后叶片钾、锰积累量分别增加25.6%、90.4%，NPA处理使花后茎、叶钾积累分别增加56.4%、65.9%，而氮、镁、锌、铁素积累相对受影响较小。 【结论】 当籽粒库存在时，施用适宜浓度的NAA可以提高玉米产量，促进营养元素向籽粒转移，而NPA增强了同化物在茎叶中的积累，提高了源强；去除籽粒库后，施用NPA促进叶片生物量增加，有利于植株矿质营养的积累。在实际生产中，可以根据不同的生产目的，配合生长调节剂的施用，以获得最大经济效益。
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| 关 键 词： | 萘乙酸 邻氨甲酰苯甲酸 玉米 源库关系 养分吸收 养分转运 |
| 收稿时间： | 2021-06-24 |
Effects of naphthalene acetic acid and phthalamic acid on the uptake and transfer of nutrients after anthesis in maize |
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| WANG Zhi-yuan,LUO Shang,HAN Yong-liang,LI Han,ZHAO Ting-ting,YANG Lan.Effects of naphthalene acetic acid and phthalamic acid on the uptake and transfer of nutrients after anthesis in maize[J].Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,2022,28(1):127-137. |
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| Authors: | WANG Zhi-yuan LUO Shang HAN Yong-liang LI Han ZHAO Ting-ting YANG Lan |
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| Affiliation: | 1.College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China |
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| Abstract: | 【Objectives】 We studied the effects of naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and auxin inhibitor (NPA) on the uptake and transfer of nutrients after anthesis to provide technical ways for achieving improved maize efficiency. 【Methods】 A field experiment was conducted with the maize cultivar of Zhengdan 958 (ZD958). NAA and NPA of 0.05, 0.1, and 0.5 mmol/L were sprayed on maize leaves at silking stage. The suitably applied concentration, determined by yield and nutrient transfer, was 0.05–0.1 mmol/L. A pot experiment was conducted to study the absorption and transfer of nutrients affected by NAA (0.1 mmol/L) and NPA (0.1 mmol/L), with clean water as the control. The maize was divided into two groups before silking. The first group’s female ears were covered with bags to prevent pollination, and the other group was allowed to undergo pollination. The mineral contents in different tissues at the silking and physiological maturity stages were determined. 【Results】 Compared to the control, low concentration of NAA treatments (0.05 mmol/L and 0.1 mmol/L) significantly increased the grain yield, 100 grain weight and harvest index, which were increased by 14.3%, 14.2% and 8.9% in 0.1 mmol/L NAA treatment, respectively. Compared with NAA and NPA, source-sink relationship had a greater impact on the absorption and translocation of dry matter and nutrients. With the increase of source-sink ratio, the pre-silking nutrient translocation decreased and the pre-silking nutrient accumulation increased. The translocation and accumulation of P, K, Cu, and Mn were more sensitive to NAA and NPA. Compared to the control, NAA increased post-silking K and Mn contents in leaves by 25.6% and 90.4%, while NPA increased post-silking K content in stems and leaves by 56.4% and 65.9%, respectively. However, the contents of N, Mg, Zn, and Fe were less affected by NAA and NPA. 【Conclusions】 NAA can improve maize yield and promote the transfer of nutrients to grains. NPA allows assimilates to accumulate in leaves and improve the source strength. Without grain formation, NPA enhances the growth of leaves, and improves mineral nutrition accumulation of whole plant. In practice, growth regulators can be used according to different production purposes to obtain maximum economic benefits. |
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| Keywords: | naphthyl acetic acid N-(1-naphthyl)phthalamic acid maize source-sink relationship nutrient uptake nutrient transfer |
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