| 不同养分供应方式对盆栽桃树生长及其氮素吸收、分配的影响 |
| |
| 引用本文： | 张守仕,彭福田,齐玉吉,李勇.不同养分供应方式对盆栽桃树生长及其氮素吸收、分配的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2015,21(1):156-163. |
| |
| 作者姓名： | 张守仕 彭福田 齐玉吉 李勇 |
| |
| 作者单位： | 1.山东农业大学园艺科学与工程学院,山东泰安 271018; |
| |
| 基金项目： | 国家现代农业产业技术体系专项资金(CARS-31-3-03)资助。 |
| |
| 摘 要： | 【目的】氮素分配随生长中心转移而转移,生长中心器官和非中心器官间差异较大。控释肥、滴灌施肥等技术在果园中的应用使果树养分稳定供应成为现实。研究等氮量施肥条件下不同养分供应方式对桃树生长及氮素吸收、分配的影响,探讨吸收的氮素在生长中心器官和非中心器官之间分配差异的原因,以期为桃树合理施肥提供依据。【方法】以1年生桃树幼苗为试材,利用沙培盆栽,设袋控缓释施肥(养分稳定供应,SS)和分次撒施施肥(养分非稳定供应,n SS)以及对照(不施大量元素,CK)3个处理,将桃树新梢按照在主干上着生位置分为上部和下部,调查分析施肥后不同时期桃树的生长状况;利用15N同位素示踪技术研究不同养分供应方式对氮素吸收和上、下部新梢间分配的影响。【结果】SS处理后30 d、150 d桃树生物量分别为63.49 g/plant和160.74 g/plant,上、下部生物量之比分别为1.8和1.3,新梢长度分别为169.73 cm/plant和306.55 cm/plant,处理后150 d各处理之间生物量差异显著,新梢长度差异极显著。各处理新梢生物量在两次取样间隔内上部增量分别为对照42%、养分非稳定供应93%、养分稳定供应98%;下部增量分别为8%、45%和177%。在此期间上、下部新梢生物量的差异对照处理由5.0变化为6.6、养分非稳定供应处理由2.8变为3.7、养分稳定供应处理由1.8变为1.3。氮素吸收量随处理时间的推移逐渐增大,养分稳定供应处理在施肥后30 d、150 d分别为12.7 mg/plant和76.9 mg/plant,养分非稳定供应处理在施肥后30 d、150 d分别为4.0 mg/plant和27.3 mg/plant。处理后150 d的氮素利用率以养分稳定供应处理最高,达12.96%,养分非稳定供应处理只有4.6%。处理后150 d养分稳定供应处理和养分非稳定供应处理的上、下部梢叶氮素浓度、Ndff%(来自肥料中的氮占总氮的比率)、Ndff(来自肥料中的氮)差异极显著,各处理同一植株上、下部梢叶氮素浓度、Ndff%相似。吸收氮素在上、下部新梢叶间分配的差异大,上、下部新梢叶间氮素分配之比养分稳定供应处理和养分非稳定供应处理分别为1.54和4.03。【结论】养分稳定供应下,桃树生长极性差异变小,氮素吸收量增多,氮素利用率高,氮素在生长中心器官和非中心器官间分配的差异变小,氮素分配差异受生物量的影响大。
|
| 关 键 词： | 油桃 养分稳定供应 非稳定供应 氮吸收 氮分配 |
| 收稿时间： | 2015-02-11 |
Effects of different nutrition supply on growth,nitrogen uptake and partitioning of pot cultured nectarine |
| |
| ZHANG Shou-shi,PENG Fu-tian,QI Yu-ji,LI Yong.Effects of different nutrition supply on growth,nitrogen uptake and partitioning of pot cultured nectarine[J].Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,2015,21(1):156-163. |
| |
| Authors: | ZHANG Shou-shi PENG Fu-tian QI Yu-ji LI Yong |
| |
| Affiliation: | 1.College of Horticulture Science and Engineering,Shandong Agricultural University,Tai’an,Shandong 271018,China; |
| |
| Abstract: | 【Objectives】 Nitrogen partitioning coordinates with growth center of fruit trees, obvious differences in the N partition exist between organs of growing center and non-growing center with traditional base plus dressing fertilizer method. Use of controlled release fertilizer and drip fertilization make a steady nutrition supply comes true. Effects of different nutrition supply methods on potted culture nectarine growth, nitrogen uptake and partitioning at the same amount of nitrogen fertilizer input were studied for better understanding of new fertilization technology in nectarine production. 【Methods】 One-year old nectarine trees (Prunus persica Batsch, var. nectarine) of cv. Luxingyihao were planted in pots filled with 40 L of siliceous sand. Steady nutrition supply (SS) was obtained through packing fertilizer inside a bag with holes. Non-steady nutrition supply (nSS) was from the conventional splitting application of commercial fertilizer. Shoots were divided into two parts (upper and lower parts) as their location in stems. Nitrogen uptake and partitioning of upper and lower shoots after 30 days and 150 days of the processing were determined with 15N isotope tracer technique. 【Results】 Thirty days and one hundred and fifty days after the steady nutrition supply, the biomass amounts of nectarine plants are 63.49 g per tree and 160.74 g per tree respectively, the ratios of upper and lower part shoots biomass are 1.8 and 1.3 respectively, and the longest lengths of new shoots are 169.73 cm per tree and 306.55 cm per tree respectively. One hundred and fifty days after different fertilization methods treated, the differences in the new shoot length and their biomass among the treatments are significant and extremely significant, respectively. The biomass of upper shoots under the steady nutrition supply is increased by 98% between two sampling intervals, the biomass amounts under the non-steady nutrition supply and the control are increased by 93% and 42%, respectively, and the biomass amounts of lower shoots under the steady nutrition supply, non-steady nutrition supply and control are increased by 177%, 45% and 8%, respectively. During this period the ratios of upper to lower biomass of the control treatment, nutrition non-steady supply and nutrition steady supply are changed from 5.0 to 6.6, 2.8 to 3.7 and 1.8 to 1.3, respectively. The plant nitrogen uptake amounts under the steady nutrition supply are 12.7 and 76.9 mg per plant at the 30 days and 150 days after the processing, and those are 4.0 and 27.3 mg per plant treated with non-steady nutrition supply. The highest nitrogen use efficiency is obtained with the steady nutrition supply treatment, which reaches 12.96%, and that with the non-steady nutrition supply only reaches 4.6%. The nitrogen contents in upper shoots and leaves and the percentages of nitrogen derived from fertilizer are higher than those in lower shoots and leaves. The differences in nitrogen concentration of shoots and leaves between the upper part and lower part are extremely different (P≤0.01) 150 days after the treatment. The nitrogen derived from fertilizer and the nitrogen concentration are same between upper and lower shoots and leaves of the same plant, and are different at P≤0.01 of the steady and non-steady treatments when sampled after processing 150 days. Partitioning ratios of the nitrogen uptake between upper and lower are significantly different under the steady and non-steady nutrition supply treatments and are 1.54 and 4.03 respectively. 【Conclusions】 Compared with non-steady nutrition supply, the polar growth is little, and nitrogen uptake increases, nitrogen recovery rate increases, and the nitrogen partitioning difference between growth center and non-growth center decreases under the nutrition steady supply. |
| |
| Keywords: | nectarine steady nutrition supply non-steady nutrition supply N uptake N partition |
| 本文献已被 CNKI 等数据库收录！ |
| 点击此处可从《植物营养与肥料学报》浏览原始摘要信息 |
|
点击此处可从《植物营养与肥料学报》下载全文 |
|
