| 青皮竹地上部营养元素的吸收、积累和分配特性研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 叶晶,葛高波,应雨骐,项婷婷,陶立华,吴家森.青皮竹地上部营养元素的吸收、积累和分配特性研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2015,21(1):164-170. |
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| 作者姓名： | 叶晶 葛高波 应雨骐 项婷婷 陶立华 吴家森 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.浙江农林大学环境与资源学院,浙江临安 311300; |
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| 基金项目： | 浙江省自然科学基金项目(LY13C160010); 浙江农林大学科研发展基金项目(2014FR052)资助。 |
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| 摘 要： | 【目的】青皮竹(Bambusa textilis)是重要的笋材两用丛生竹之一,具有一次造林成功即可永续利用、长期获益的特点,但对青皮竹的营养特性知之甚少。本文拟研究青皮竹地上部营养元素的吸收、积累和分配特性,为青皮竹的养分管理提供基础数据,以指导青皮竹的科学施肥工作。【方法】本研究于2013年1月,在青皮竹中心产区广东省广宁县,选择林分类型、组成、结构、生长状况和立地条件等具有代表性的青皮竹林分4块,建立面积为20 m×20 m的标准地。对每块标准地内的竹子按不同年龄进行每株检尺,计算出不同年龄竹子的平均胸径,选取与平均胸径一致的竹子作为标准株,砍伐不同年龄标准株各1株,并测量其株高。将不同标准株分叶、枝、秆,野外称出各器官鲜重。枝、秆分上、中、下三个部位取样组成混合样品,用于分析不同年龄(1 3 a)和不同器官(叶、枝、秆)的植株样品氮(N)、磷(P)、钾(K)、钙(Ca)、镁(Mg)、铁(Fe)、锰(Mn)、锌(Zn)和铜(Cu)等9种营养元素含量。【结果】青皮竹各器官中营养元素含量大小次序表现为Cu、Zn元素为枝叶秆,其他7种元素均表现为叶枝秆。各器官元素的含量均以氮元素最高,而以Cu含量最低。青皮竹地上部营养元素积累量为489.96kg/hm2,不同器官营养元素积累量的大小顺序为秆(331.05 kg/hm2)叶(101.14 kg/hm2)枝(57.77 kg/hm2),营养元素的积累量大小顺序为NKPCaMgFeMnZnCu。各器官营养元素积累量最多的是氮,为219.59 kg/hm2,占地上部积累量的44.82%,表明青皮竹具有较强的氮吸收能力。青皮竹地上部各器官营养元素的分配率大小顺序总体表现为秆(67.57%)叶(20.64%)枝(11.79%)。【结论】营养元素吸收量反映了植物对土壤养分需求和利用状况。青皮竹每生产1 t干物质所需5种大量营养元素为10.00 kg,以氮的吸收最多,其累积吸收量为219.59 kg/hm2,占地上部积累量的44.82%。因此,在青皮竹生产过程中应适当增施氮肥,可以促进青皮竹特别是经济部位茎秆的生长。
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| 关 键 词： | 青皮竹 器官 营养元素 积累 分配 |
| 收稿时间： | 2015-02-11 |
Absorption,accumulation and distribution of bamboo (Bambusa textilis) to the main nutrients |
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| YE Jing,GE Gao-bo,YING Yu-qi,XIANG Ting-ting,TAO Li-hua,WU Jia-sen.Absorption,accumulation and distribution of bamboo (Bambusa textilis) to the main nutrients[J].Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,2015,21(1):164-170. |
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| Authors: | YE Jing GE Gao-bo YING Yu-qi XIANG Ting-ting TAO Li-hua WU Jia-sen |
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| Affiliation: | 1.School of Environmental and Resource Sciences,Zhejiang A＆F University,Lin’an,Zhejiang 311300,China; |
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| Abstract: | 【Objectives】 Bamboo, Bambusa textilis, is one of the important dual-use materials for wood and bamboo shoot. It can be sustainably harvested and obtained long-term benefit after once forestation, but little is known about the nutrition characteristics of Bambusa textilis. In this study, the absorption, accumulation and distribution to the main nutrients by Bambusa textilis in the above-ground parts were investigated to provide basic data information for the nutrient management in Bambusa textilis plantition. 【Methods】 In January 2013, four typical Bambusa textilis forest blocks (20 m × 20 m) were selected basing on comprehensive investigation related to typical forest type, composition, structure, growth condition and site conditions. The age of every bamboo plant was investigated and the average breast diameters of bamboo plants at different ages were calculated. From each plot, one bamboo plant with the same average diameter at the same age was chosen for sampling. The plant heights, fresh weights of leaves and culms of bamboo were measured. Branches and culms at the top, middle and below were separately sampled and mixed as samples, and were collected for lab analysis of the contents of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu. 【Results】 The nutrient contents in bamboo peels of different ages (1-3 a) and different organs (leaves, branches, culms) are: Cu and Zn in the order of branches ＞ leaves ＞ culms, the other seven nutrients in the order of leaves ＞ branches ＞ culms. The highest nutrient content in the various organs is N, the lowest is Cu. The total nutrient accumulation in the above-ground parts is 489.96 kg/ha, and the accumulation amounts are in the order of culms(331.05 kg/ha)＞ leaves(101.14 kg/ha)＞ branches(57.77 kg/ha). The nutrient accumulation amount is in order of N＞K＞P＞Ca＞Mg＞Fe＞Mn＞Zn＞Cu. The maximum accumulation in various organs is N(219.59 kg/ha), accounting for 44.82% of the total accumulation in the above-ground parts, which indicates a strong absorption capacity and requirement to N by bamboo. The nutrients distribution in the above-ground parts is in orderof culms (67.57%)>leaves (20.64%)>branches (11.79%). 【Conclusions】The contents and accumulation of nutrients represent the requirement of plants to soil nutrition. The net biomass production per ton of the bamboo Bambusa textilis forest needs 10.00 kg of macro-elements. Among the investigated nutrients, the accumulation of N is the highest with total absorption of 219.59 kg/ha and accounting for 44.82% of the total nutrients absorption. Therefore, the application of appropriate nitrogen fertilizer should be considered for promoting the growth of Bambusa textilis, especially the economic parts of bamboo culms. |
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| Keywords: | Bambusa textilis organ nutrient elements accumulation distribution |
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