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根际施用微生物有机肥防治连作西瓜枯萎病研究
引用本文:凌宁,王秋君,杨兴明,徐阳春,黄启为,沈其荣.根际施用微生物有机肥防治连作西瓜枯萎病研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2009,15(5):1136-1141.
作者姓名:凌宁  王秋君  杨兴明  徐阳春  黄启为  沈其荣
作者单位:1.南京农业大学江苏省固体有机废弃物资源化高技术研究重点实验室,江苏南京 210095
基金项目:国家重点基础研究发展规划(973计划),国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划),成果转化项目,引进国际先进农业科学技术计划(948计划) 
摘    要:为了探讨西瓜专用微生物有机肥料(BOF)对西瓜植株枯萎病的防治效果,采用盆栽试验研究了西瓜专用BOF对连作土壤上西瓜植株生长和枯萎病的防治效果以及西瓜枯萎病致病菌的数量分布的影响。结果表明:1)营养钵育苗和移栽土壤中都施用BOF的处理,未发现西瓜枯萎病植株,而对照植株则完全发病;2)施用BOF处理的致病菌(尖孢镰刀菌西瓜专化型)数量在根际土壤中为0.7×103 cfu/g,在土体土壤中为2.7×103 cfu/g,都控制在104 cfu/g数量级以下,而对照处理的数量分别达到了1.17×105 cfu/g和1.1×105 cfu/g;3)与对照比较,营养钵育苗时施用1%的BOF,西瓜苗期(播种后17 d)生物量都显著增加,根系生物量比地上部生物量提高了16.7个百分点(以鲜重计)和24.8个百分点(以干重计);营养钵育苗和移栽土壤中均施用BOF的处理,西瓜植株(生长67 d)生物量(干重)是对照的1.83倍;在营养钵育苗或移栽时施用BOF的处理,西瓜植株干重两者差异不大,分别是对照的1.28倍和1.27倍。采用营养钵育苗和移栽时都施用BOF的方法种植西瓜,能有效地促进西瓜植株生长,防止西瓜枯萎病发生,克服西瓜连作障碍。

关 键 词:微生物有机肥    尖孢镰刀菌    西瓜枯萎病    生物防治
收稿时间:2008-9-17

Control of Fusarium wilt of watermelon by nursery application of bio-organic fertilizer
LING Ning,WANG Qiu-jun,YANG Xing-ming,XU Yang-chun,HUANG Qi-wei,SHEN Qi-rong.Control of Fusarium wilt of watermelon by nursery application of bio-organic fertilizer[J].Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,2009,15(5):1136-1141.
Authors:LING Ning  WANG Qiu-jun  YANG Xing-ming  XU Yang-chun  HUANG Qi-wei  SHEN Qi-rong
Affiliation:1.Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,China
Abstract:Continuous mono-cropping is the major factor that restricted the development of watermelon plantation. Application of bio-organic fertilizer (BOF) target for watermelon fusarium wilt disease (FWD) can provide an environment-friendly way to reduce FWD problem. In this experiment, nursery application of the BOF was used to control Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum. Results showed: 1) the best controlling effect was found in the treatment of BOF in nursery application plus the second application in transplanted soil, where the wilt disease incidence was 0% comparing to 100% in control. 2) After the application of BOF, Fusarium oxysporum number was kept below 104cfu/g both in rhizoplane and in the bulk soil. Fusarium oxysporum number was significantly lower than control(1.17×104cfu/g in the rhizoplane soil and 1.1×104cfu/g in the bulk soil, respectively). 3) Biomass was significantly increased with 1% BOF treatment 17 days after sowing in nursery pot comparing with control. With 1% BOF treatment, the fresh-weight of root biomass increased 73.3%, dry-weight increased 66.7%, while the fresh-weight of above ground biomass increased 56.7% and dry-weight increased 41.9%. During 67 day experiment period, biomass with BOF treatment (15.97±0.58 g/plant, DW) was significantly higher than that of the control (8.73±0.35 g/plant, DW), and was about 1.83 fold higher than control. Results suggested that BOF application both on nursery application and second application in culture pot can effectively prevent watermelon Fusarium wilt disease occurrence; promote watermelon plant growth, and easecontinuous mono-cropping obstacles.
Keywords:bio-organic fertilizer  Fusarium oxysporum f  sp  Nevium  watermelon fusarium wilt  biocontrol
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