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氮素对玉米幼苗生长、根系形态及氮素吸收利用效率的影响
引用本文:姜琳琳,韩立思,韩晓日,战秀梅,左仁辉,吴正超,袁程.氮素对玉米幼苗生长、根系形态及氮素吸收利用效率的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2011,17(1):247-253.
作者姓名:姜琳琳  韩立思  韩晓日  战秀梅  左仁辉  吴正超  袁程
作者单位:1.沈阳农业大学土地与环境学院,农业部东北土壤与环境重点开放实验室,辽宁沈阳 110866;
摘    要:采用水培试验,比较分析了氮素对高产玉米杂交种幼苗生长、根系形态及氮素吸收利用效率的影响。结果表明,在一定氮素范围内供氮量的增加能够促进玉米地上部的生长,也促进东单90(DD90)和沈玉21(SY21)根系干重的增加,而高量供氮会抑制根系的生长,导致根冠比下降。郑单958(ZD958)在8.0 mmol/L氮水平下地上部受抑制的程度大于根系,造成根冠比有所增加。在各氮素水平下,东单90具有很好的根系形态,提高了氮素的吸收能力,从而提高氮素积累量。随氮浓度的增加,玉米植株氮素吸收效率增大而氮素生理利用效率减小,无论在低氮还是高氮条件下,郑单958和东单90的氮素吸收效率均显著高于沈玉21和郝育12(HY12),氮素生理利用效率却显著低于沈玉21和郝育12。不同品种对氮素的响应存在显著差异,东单90和郑单958耐低氮和对氮素吸收的能力强,郑单958耐高氮能力相对较弱,沈玉21和郝育12对氮素需求量大,耐低氮能力弱。适宜的氮素供应能更好地协调根系与地上部的关系,促进根系形态发育,增加根系对氮素的接触面积,促进根系对氮素的高效吸收。

关 键 词:玉米    根系形态    氮素吸收    氮素生理利用效率
收稿时间:2010-03-07

Effects of nitrogen on growth, root morphological traits, nitrogen uptake and utilization efficiency of maize seedlings
JIANG Lin-lin,HAN Li-si,HAN Xiao-ri,ZHAN Xiu-mei,ZUO Ren-hui,WU Zheng-chao,YUAN Cheng.Effects of nitrogen on growth, root morphological traits, nitrogen uptake and utilization efficiency of maize seedlings[J].Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,2011,17(1):247-253.
Authors:JIANG Lin-lin  HAN Li-si  HAN Xiao-ri  ZHAN Xiu-mei  ZUO Ren-hui  WU Zheng-chao  YUAN Cheng
Affiliation:1.College of Land and Environment,Shenyang Agricultural University/Agriculture Ministry Key Laboratory of Soil and Environment in Northeast China,Shenyang 110866,China;
Abstract:Based on water culture, the hybrid maize of high yield is selected to study the effects of nitrogen on seedling growth, root morphological traits and nitrogen uptake and physiological N use efficiency. Results show that with N concentrations increasing in a certain range, shoot biomass of four maize cultivars and root biomass of Dongdan 90 (DD90) and Shenyu 21 (SY21) are increased, whereas root growth is inhibited under the high nitrate level, that led to the decrease of root/shoot ratio. The decreased ratio of shoot biomass of Zhengdan 958 (ZD958) is higher than that of root biomass under the high nitrate level (8.0 mmol/L), as a result, the root/shoot ratio of ZD958 is increased. Under different N concentrations, DD90 has better root morphology to improve the ability of N uptake, therefore the N accumulation is increased. With the increase of nitrogen concentration, the N uptake efficiency is increased, while the physiological N use efficiency is decreased in the four hyrid maize. At both lower and higher N rates, ZD958 and DD90 both have higher N uptake efficiency and lower physiological N use efficiency compared with SY21 and Haoyu12 (HY12). The responses of different maize cultivars to nitrogen are significantly different. There are the high tolerance and high N uptake to low nitrogen level in DD90 and ZD958. ZD958 has relatively weak resistance to high nitrogen level. SY21 and HY12 have high nitrogen demands and low nitrogen tolerance. The appropriate N supply could coordinate the growth of root and shoot, advance the root morphology and increase contact root area to nitrogen and nitrogen uptake.
Keywords:maize  root morphology  nitrogen uptake  physiological nitrogen use efficiency
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