| 尿素施肥方式对水稻增产增效和土壤氮素损失的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 曾科,朱文彬,田玉华,尹斌.尿素施肥方式对水稻增产增效和土壤氮素损失的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2023,29(3):427-436. |
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| 作者姓名： | 曾科 朱文彬 田玉华 尹斌 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室 / 中国科学院南京土壤研究所，江苏南京 210008 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0200104，2016YFC0207906)。 |
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| 摘 要： | 【目的】探讨尿素施用量、基施比例和方法对水稻产量、吸氮量和氮肥利用率的影响，以及肥料氮的去向，为制定科学合理的施氮措施提供理论依据。【方法】水稻季田间试验于2019年和2020年在江苏太湖地区开展。供试脲酶抑制剂为N-丁基硫代磷酰三胺(NBPT)，硝化抑制剂为对羟基苯丙酸甲酯(MHPP)，二者用量均为施氮量的1%。试验共设6个处理：1)不施氮肥对照(CK);2)表施尿素N 300 kg/hm2 (当地常规施肥，CN);3)表施尿素N 225 kg/hm2 (RNB);4)尿素N 225 kg/hm2,50%表施，50%深施(RND);5)表施尿素N 225 kg/hm2+NBPT+MHPP (RNB+DI);6)尿素N 225 kg/hm2+NBPT+MHPP,50%表施，50%深施(RND+DI)。表施氮肥处理基肥∶分蘖肥∶孕穗肥为4∶3∶3；深施氮肥处理基肥∶孕穗肥为7∶3。2020年在处理小区内设置了15N示踪微区试验。调查了水稻产量、吸氮量、氮肥利...
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| 关 键 词： | 水稻产量 基肥深施 基肥撒施 氮肥抑制剂 15N同位素示踪 氮肥利用率 氮素损失量 |
| 收稿时间： | 2022-06-22 |
Influence of urea fertilization methods on rice yield,nitrogen use efficiency and soil nitrogen loss |
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| ZENG Ke,ZHU Wen-bin,TIAN Yu-hua,YIN Bin.Influence of urea fertilization methods on rice yield,nitrogen use efficiency and soil nitrogen loss[J].Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,2023,29(3):427-436. |
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| Authors: | ZENG Ke ZHU Wen-bin TIAN Yu-hua YIN Bin |
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| Affiliation: | 1.State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture / Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing Jiangsu 210008, China |
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| Abstract: | 【Objectives】 We studied the effects of urea fertilization methods on rice yield, nitrogen utilization efficiency, and the fate of nitrogen fertilizer in soil to propose economically and environmentally friendly N management measures. 【Methods】 A paddy field experiment was conducted in the Taihu Lake region in 2019 and 2020, and a 15N-urea micro-plot experiment was installed in the same field plot in 2020. Urease inhibitor N-(n-butyl)thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT) and nitrification inhibitor methyl 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate (MHPP) were added at 1% of urea-N. We included six fertilizer treatments: no N application (CK); broadcasted urea N at 300 kg/hm2 (conventional fertilization, CN); broadcasted urea N at 225 kg/hm2 (RNB); 50% in deep and 50% in broadcasting of urea N at 225 kg/hm2 (RND); broadcasted urea N at 225 kg/hm2+NBPT+MHPP (RNB+DI); 50% in deep and 50% in broadcasting of urea N at 225 kg/hm2+NBPT+MHPP (RND+DI). Broadcasted urea N was applied in three splits (4 : 3 : 3) as basal, at tillering and panicle initiation stages. Deep-placed nitrogen was applied in two splits (7 : 3) as basal, and at panicle initiation stage. Rice yield, N uptake, N utilization, absorptive capacity, soil residual and total 15N loss were quantified. 【Results】 Compared with CN, RNB, RND, RNB+DI and RND+DI treatments recorded similar grain yield and straw biomass, except the lower straw biomass in RNB in 2020; However, all the four treatments achieved higher N use efficiency, agronomic efficiency and partial factor productivity of nitrogen fertilizer, and 15N tracing result also proved the significant reduction in 15N uptake and total N loss under the four treatments. Compared with RNB, RND enhanced apparent N recovery efficiency (NRE) and 15N use efficiency by 20.4%–27.3% and 28.2%, and reduced 15N loss by 34.6% (P<0.05). RNB+DI had no impact on NRE, but (P<0.05) increased 15N use efficiency by 11.6% and reduced 15N loss rate by 13.1%. RND+DI increased rice yield by 2.6%–4.3%, NRE by 23.4%, 15N use efficiency by 36.9%, and reduced 15N loss by 45.0%. Compared with RND, RNB+DI had no impact on rice yield and NRE but reduced the 15N loss rate. 【Conclusions】 In the rice production of Taihu lake area, the measurement of reducing urea-N rate from 300 kg/hm2 to 225 kg/hm2, but increasing the basal fertilizer ratio from 40% to 70%, and changing total broadcasting to 50% by deep placement, will not decrease rice yield, but significantly increase nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency, decrease total N loss. Adding NBPT and MHPP in urea will further decrease the total N loss. We recommend that a higher proportion of urea should be allocated to the deep basal placement and a lower proportion to broadcasting, rather than adding N inhibitors, to increase rice yield and N use efficiency. |
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