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植物营养与肥料学科的现状与展望
引用本文:李生秀.植物营养与肥料学科的现状与展望[J].植物营养与肥料学报,1999,5(3):193-205.
作者姓名:李生秀
作者单位:1.西北农业大学资源与环境科学系 陕西杨陵712100
摘    要:经过了一百多年科学家的辛勤工作,植物营养和肥料学科已经形成了自己完整的科学体系,在农业生产中发挥了巨大作用。目前的植物营养与肥料学科正在向定量化投入营养物质的方向发展,在考察宏观效应的同时充分注意考察微观机理,把各营养元素之间的交互作用作为研究的热点,并正与环境科学、生态科学在交叉,向植物遗传学渗透和扩展而形成新的学科。加强植物营养物质的循环和再利用,提高营养物质的利用效率,提高作物本身吸收利用养分的能力,发展保肥增效的新型肥料将是今后植物营养与肥料科学的研究重点。市场经济促进了新型肥料的出现和生产,也产生了形形色色的模糊概念,影响了植物营养与肥料科学的正常发展。这些模糊概念表现在,过低地估计了化学肥料的作用,过高地估计了化肥的污染效应;把农作物产品质量的降低归罪于化学肥料的施用;歪曲了肥料概念,造成了商品混乱。澄清这些模糊概念,有助于植物营养与肥料学科的发展,也有利于农业生产的发展。

关 键 词:植物营养    肥料    进展与现状    研究重点    展望

THE CURRENT STATE AND PROSPECT OF PLANT NUTRITION AND FERTILIZER SCIENCE
Li Shengxiu.THE CURRENT STATE AND PROSPECT OF PLANT NUTRITION AND FERTILIZER SCIENCE[J].Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,1999,5(3):193-205.
Authors:Li Shengxiu
Affiliation:1.Dept.of Resou.and Environ.Sci.;Northwest Agri.Univ.;Yangling;Shaanxi 712100
Abstract:Over more than 100 years through hard work by the scientists, the plant nutrition and fertilizer science have formed their complete scientific systems, and played a great role in the agricultural production. Currently, The plant nutrition and fertilizer science are being rapidly developed for solving quantitative inputs of nutrients, investigating the mechanism of the nutrients while continuously studying their effects, and considering the interaction of different nutrients as a key point. In addition, the disciplines are being intersected with environmental and ecology sciences, and enlarged and extended their focuses on plant genetics, forming a new discipline, plant nutrition genetics. Strengthening the cycle and reuse of the nutrients, raising nutrient use efficiency, increasing plant abilities for utilizing nutrients, developing new types of fertilizers that may reserve nutrients and increase nutrient use efficiency will be the major areas for researches in the future. The market economy has promoted the development and appearance of new fertilizers on one hand, and made some different vague and blurred ideas on the other, which have influenced the normal development of the disciplines. These include underestimation of the role of the chemical fertilizers, overestimation of their pollution, and attribution of the poor quality of the agricultural products to the application of these fertilizers. Also, the concept of fertilizer has been distorted or misrepresented, leading to some confusion in the commodities of fertilizers. Clarification of the vague ideas and concepts will help the development of both plant nutrition and fertilizer science as well as agricultural production.
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