| 不同施氮量对太湖地区大棚蔬菜产量、氮肥利用率及品质的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 闵炬,施卫明.不同施氮量对太湖地区大棚蔬菜产量、氮肥利用率及品质的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2009,15(1):151-157. |
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| 作者姓名： | 闵炬 施卫明 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.中国科学院南京土壤研究所,土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室,江苏南京 210008 |
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| 基金项目： | 中国科学院创新团队国际合作伙伴计划，国家科技支撑计划 |
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| 摘 要： | 在大棚栽培条件下，采用田间小区试验方法观测了太湖地区稻田改种大棚蔬菜的土壤上不同施氮量对一年中两季蔬菜番茄和黄瓜产量、氮肥利用率及品质的影响。结果表明，与农民习惯施氮量相比，减氮40%能保持番茄和黄瓜果实产量，习惯施氮反而有导致减产的趋势。减氮40%处理的氮肥当季利用率显著高于习惯施氮，并且随施氮量的增加和土壤供氮水平的提高氮肥当季利用率开始出现降低的趋势。番茄、黄瓜果实硝酸盐含量随施氮量的增加呈线性增加，习惯施氮下番茄、黄瓜果实硝酸盐含量分别达406.1和328.8 mg/kg，其中，番茄硝酸盐含量已经临近我国蔬菜卫生安全标准。各处理中减氮20%~40%番茄可溶性糖含量较高，减氮40%黄瓜维生素C含量、可溶性糖含量最高；氮肥用量继续增加，黄瓜维生素C含量、可溶性糖含量有降低趋势。在太湖地区的大棚生产条件下，比习惯施氮量减氮20%~40%可以保证产量和较好的果实品质；大棚蔬菜生产采取节肥减氮措施具有很大的潜力。
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| 关 键 词： | 大棚 蔬菜 氮肥 产量 品质 |
| 收稿时间： | 2007-12-11 |
Effects of different N rates on the yield,N use efficiency and fruit quality of Vegetables cultivated in plastic greenhouse in Taihu lake region |
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| MIN Ju,SHI Wei-ming.Effects of different N rates on the yield,N use efficiency and fruit quality of Vegetables cultivated in plastic greenhouse in Taihu lake region[J].Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,2009,15(1):151-157. |
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| Authors: | MIN Ju SHI Wei-ming |
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| Affiliation: | 1.State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture,Institute of Soil Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210008,China; |
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| Abstract: | Field experiments were carried out to study the effects of different N rates on the yield, N use efficiency and fruit quality of vegetables cultivated in plastic greenhouse, which of the soil used to be grown rice in Taihu lake region. Our results showed that under current cultivation conditions, fruit yields could still be ensured even at 40% deduction in nitrogen fertilizer input relative to the local farmer habitual usage. However, 40% reduction in N fertilizer input resulted in higher N use efficiency. In addition, improved fruit quality was achieved at reduced N fertilizer application. Nitrate contents of tomato and cucumber fruits with farmer habitual N usage were 406.1 and 328.8 mg/kg, respectively. Deduction of 40% and 20% in N input got similar soluble sugar content of tomato fruit that was significantly higher than the habitual N usage. Increased application of N fertilizer declined Vitamin C and soluble sugar contents of cucumber fruits. In conclusion, under current cultivation conditions, high fruit yields and quality can be ensured at 20%–40% reduction in habitual N input, which presents a possible scale to a safety and efficient N fertilizer usage in greenhouse farming system. |
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| Keywords: | plastic greenhouse vegetable nitrogenous fertilizer yield quality |
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