前氮后移对水稻产量形成和农田氮素流失的影响 |
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引用本文: | 刘红江,郭智,郑建初.前氮后移对水稻产量形成和农田氮素流失的影响[J].中国农学通报,2018,34(5):82-87. |
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作者姓名: | 刘红江 郭智 郑建初 |
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作者单位: | 江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所,江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所,江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 |
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基金项目: | 国家重点研发计划课题“江苏单季粳稻区水稻化肥农药减施增效技术集成与示范”(2016YFD0200805);中央财政农业技术推广资金项目 “稻麦农田化学氮肥、农药减量技术示范推广”[TG(16)014]。 |
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摘 要: | 基于太湖地区稻田养分流失主要集中在水稻生育前期的特点,以超级稻‘武运粳29号’为供试材料,通过田间小区试验,基肥采用机械深施,在施氮量300 kg/hm~2水平下,设计4个氮肥运筹比例,基肥:分蘖肥:穗肥的比例分别为5:2:3(O1);4:2:4(O2);3:2:5(O3);2:2:6(O4),研究氮肥后移对水稻产量构成和农田地表径流氮素流失量的影响。结果表明:从产量构成因素来看,前氮后移的O4处理较常规氮肥运筹的O2处理水稻有效穗数和每穗粒数均显著下降,但是其结实率和千粒重均明显增加;最终前氮后移的O4处理水稻产量略有下降,但处理间的差异不显著。水稻季农田共发生地表径流6次,径流水总量为3567.0 m~3/hm~2。农田地表径流总氮流失量随着前氮后移比例的增加而减少,O4处理较O2处理地表径流总氮流失量下降了12.02%,处理间的差异均达到显著水平。同时,前氮后移能够降低稻田地表径流总氮流失率和水稻氮素偏流失率。
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关 键 词: | 氮肥后移 地表径流 水稻 产量形成 氮素流失 |
收稿时间: | 2017/1/23 0:00:00 |
修稿时间: | 2017/3/24 0:00:00 |
Effect of Postponing N Application on Rice Yield Formation and Nitrogen Runoff Losses from the Field |
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Abstract: | Based on the characteristics of the paddy soil nutrient loss were mainly concentrated in the early stage of rice growth in Taihu area. A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of postponing N application on rice yield and nitrogen runoff loss. The super rice cultivar of Wuyunjing 29 was field-grown. Four nitrogen application ratios such as basal, tillering fertilizer and panicle fertilizer 5: 2: 3 (O1), 4: 2: 4 (O2), 3: 2: 5 (O3), 2: 2: 6 (O4) were designed, in the amount of nitrogen applied to 300 kg/hm2, with deep basal fertilizer machinery. The result showed that: for the yield components of rice, compared to the conventional nitrogen application (O2), postponing N application (O4) significantly decreased the effective panicles and spikelets number per panicle, but filled grain percentage and 1 000-grain weight showed the opposite trends. Finally O4 treatment of postponing N application declined rice yield a little, but there was no significant difference. There was six times of farmland overland runoff in rice season, and the amount of runoff was 3 567.0 m3/hm2 in this research season. With the increase of the proportion of postponing N application, the total nitrogen runoff loss decreased. The total N loss of O4 treatment was significantly decreased by 12.02% compared with that of O2 treatment. At the same time, postponing N application could decrease the total nitrogen loss rate with overland runoff in the paddy field and nitrogen drift loss rate of rice. |
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Keywords: | postponing N application overland runoff rice yield formation nitrogen loss |
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