| 中度嗜盐菌S61生防因子分析及其对马铃薯干腐病的防效 |
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| 引用本文： | 沈硕.中度嗜盐菌S61生防因子分析及其对马铃薯干腐病的防效[J].南方农业学报,2021,52(10):2619-2631. |
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| 作者姓名： | 沈硕 |
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| 作者单位： | 青海大学农林科学院/青海省马铃薯育种重点实验室/青藏高原生物技术教育部重点实验室, 西宁 810016 |
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| 基金项目： | 青海省自然科学基金面上项目（2019-ZJ-914）；青海省重大科技专项（2019-NK-A1）；国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项（CARS-10） |
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| 摘 要： | 【目的】测定中度嗜盐菌S61对马铃薯干腐病病原菌的抑菌活性及对干腐病的防效，为马铃薯干腐病的生物防治及绿色防控提供科学依据。【方法】以来源于青海察尔汗盐湖的1株中度嗜盐菌S61为材料，采用形态学、生理生化特征及分子生物学方法对菌株S61进行鉴定。通过对峙培养法和马铃薯活体试验，进行菌株S61及其发酵液有机溶剂萃取物抑制马铃薯干腐病病原菌活性测定及对储藏期马铃薯安全性评价。采用平板透明圈法和排油圈法，分别测定菌株S61发酵液分泌抑菌蛋白和产生脂肽类物质的能力。【结果】结合菌株S61的形态特征、生理生化特征和系统发育进化树分析结果，将菌株S61鉴定为特氏盐芽孢杆菌（Halobacillus trueperi）。其发酵液能产生蛋白酶、淀粉酶和纤维素酶，并能产生脂肽类物质。菌株S61及其有机溶剂萃取物对3株马铃薯干腐病病原菌（青9A-4-13、青9A-5-2和65B-2-6）均有不同程度的抑菌活性，其中对青9A-4-13的抑菌活性最强，对峙培养7 d后的抑制率为55.67%。菌株S61发酵液不同浓度（1、5、10和20 mg/mL）正丁醇萃取物对青9A-4-13的抑菌活性最高，抑制率分别为61.50%、63.00%、64.00%和66.00%。菌株S61发酵液及其正丁醇萃取物对马铃薯储藏安全。【结论】中度嗜盐菌S61在体外和马铃薯活体上均对干腐病病原真菌具有抑制作用，其发酵产物的正丁醇萃取物活性最高，并存在生防因子，能产生一些具有抑菌活性的次级代谢产物，具有较好的马铃薯干腐病生物防治潜力。
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| 关 键 词： | 中度嗜盐菌 生防因子 马铃薯干腐病 防效 安全性评价 |
| 收稿时间： | 2021-07-06 |
Biocontrol factors analysis of moderate halophilic bacterium S61 and its control effect on potato dry rot |
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| SHEN Shuo.Biocontrol factors analysis of moderate halophilic bacterium S61 and its control effect on potato dry rot[J].Journal of Southern Agriculture,2021,52(10):2619-2631. |
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| Authors: | SHEN Shuo |
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| Affiliation: | Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Qinghai University/Key Laboratory of Potato Breeding of Qinghai Province/The Tibet Plateau Biotechnology Key Lab of Ministry of Education, Xining 810016, China |
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| Abstract: | 【Objective】The inhibitory activity and control effect of moderate halophilic bacteria S61 against pathogenic fungi of potato dry rot was determinedto provide a scientific basis for the biological control and green prevention and control of potato dry rot.【Method】A moderately halophilic strain S61 from Qarhan Salt Lake in Qinghai was used as material and was was identified by morphology, physiological and biochemical characteristics and molecular biology methods. The inhibitory activity of strain S61 and its organic solvent extract from fermentation against potato dry rot pathogens and the safety assessment were determined by confrontation culture method and potato experiment in vivo. The capacity of producing lipopeptides and proteins of strain S61' s fermentation was determined by transparent circle and oil drain ring methods.【Result】Combining the morphological characteristics, physiological and biochemical characteristics and phylogenetic tree analysis results, the strain S61 was identified as Halobacillus trueperi. Its fermentation could produce protease, amylase, cellulose, and lipopeptides. S61 and its organic solvent extract had different inhibitory activities against 3 potato dry rot pathogenic fungi(Qing 9A-4-13, Qing 9A-5-2 and 65B-2-6). S61 had the highest inhibitory activity against pathogen Qing9A-4-13, with an inhibition rate 55.67%(7 d). Its N-butyl alcohol extract at the different concentrations(1, 5, 10 and 20 mg/mL) had the highest inhibitory activity against pathogen Qing 9A-4-13, with inhibition rates 61.50%, 63.00%, 64.00% and 66.00%, respectively. The strain S61 and its N-butyl alcohol extract were safe for potato in storage.【Conclusion】The moderate halophilic bacterium S61 has inhibitory activity against potato dry rot pathogenic fungi both in vitro and in vivo. The N-butyl alcohol extract has the highest inhibitory activity. It has biocontrol factors and could produce metabolic products with anti-fungi activity. It proves that S61 has good biocontrol potential in potato dry rot. |
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